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1 versaillais
( féminin versaillaise) [vɛrsajɛ, ɛz] adjectif2. HISTOIRE -
2 loin
loin [lwɛ̃]adverba. (en distance) far• est-ce loin ? is it far?b. (dans le temps) le temps est loin où cette banlieue était un village it's a long time since this suburb was a villagec. (locutions)• il est doué, il ira loin he's very gifted, he'll go far• tu vas trop loin ! you're going too far!• on ne va pas loin avec 100 € 100 euros doesn't go very far► de loin (dans l'espace) from a distance• c'est celui que je préfère, et de loin it's by far the one I prefer► loin de (en distance) far from ; (dans le temps) a long way off from• il leur doit pas loin de 1 000 € he owes them not far off 1,000 euros• il n'y a pas loin de cinq ans qu'ils sont partis it's not far off five years since they left(PROV) loin des yeux, loin du cœur(PROV) out of sight, out of mind* * *lwɛ̃
1.
1) ( dans l'espace) a long way, far (away)il habite plus loin — he lives further ou farther away
aussi or du plus loin que l'on regarde — however far you look
voir plus loin — ( dans un texte) see below
plus loin dans le roman — at a later point in the novel; monture
2) ( dans le temps)aussi loin que je me souvienne — as far back ou as long as I can remember
les vacances sont déjà loin — it's a long time since the holidays GB ou the vacation US now
le temps n'est pas si loin où... — it's not so long since...
3) figil y a loin d'une idée à sa réalisation — there's a wide gap between an idea and its fulfilment [BrE]
de là à dire qu'il est incompétent, il n'y a pas loin — that comes close to saying he's incompetent
tu sembles si loin — ( distant) you seem so distant; ( absorbé) you seem miles away
il n'est pas bête, loin s'en faut! — he's not stupid, far from it!
ce film ne va très pas loin — this film GB ou movie US is a bit shallow
votre fille est brillante, elle ira loin — your daughter is brilliant, she'll go far
2.
loin de locution prépositive1) ( dans l'espace) far fromest-ce encore loin d'ici? — is it much further ou farther from here?
2) ( dans le temps) far fromon est encore loin d'avoir fini — we're still far from finished, we're still a long way off finishing
3) fig far from, a long way fromavec l'imprimante, il faut compter pas loin de 900 euros — if you include the printer, you're talking about 900 euros or thereabouts
3.
de loin locution adverbiale1) ( d'un endroit éloigné) from a distance, from afar littér2) fig from a distance
4.
au loin locution adverbiale
5.
de loin en loin locution adverbiale1) ( séparé dans l'espace)2) ( de temps en temps) every now and then••loin des yeux, loin du cœur — Proverbe out of sight, out of mind Proverbe
* * *lwɛ̃1. adv1) (dans l'espace) farLa gare n'est pas très loin d'ici. — The station isn't very far from here.
loin de — a long way from, far from
C'est loin d'ici. — It's a long way from here.
C'est plus loin que la gare. — It's further than the station.
2) (dans le temps) (futur) a long way off, (passé) a long time agoNoël n'est plus tellement loin. — Christmas isn't far off now.
de loin [apercevoir] — from a distance, from a long way away
On voit l'église de loin. — You can see the church from a long way away.
Il vient de loin, il doit être fatigué. — He's come a long way, he must be tired out.
Il vient de loin, ça doit le dépayser. — He comes from a long way away, this must be quite a change of scene., fig (= de beaucoup) by far
C'est de loin l'élève la plus brillante. — She is by far the brightest pupil.
de loin en loin — here and there, (= de temps en temps) now and then, every now and then
pas loin de... (presque) — not far off...
Ça fait pas loin de 1 000 euros. — It's not far off 1000 euros.
2. nmOn aperçoit la mer au loin. — You can see the sea in the distance.
* * *A adv1 ( dans l'espace) a long way, far littér; c'est loin it's a long way; c'est très loin it's a very long way; c'est assez loin it's quite a long way; c'est trop loin it's too far; ils doivent être déjà loin maintenant they must be a long way ou far away by now; elle ne peut pas être bien loin she can't be too far away ou off; est-ce loin? is it far (away)?; ce n'est pas très loin it's not very far (away); il habite plus loin he lives further ou farther away; ils sont loin derrière they're far behind ou a long way behind; aussi or si or du plus loin que l'on regarde, on ne voit que des champs de lavande however far you look, you can see nothing but lavender fields; les vignes s'étendaient aussi loin que l'on pouvait voir the vineyards stretched as far as you ou the eye could see; du plus loin qu'il m'aperçut, il se mit à agiter les bras as soon as he saw me, he began to wave; voir plus loin ( dans un texte) see below; ⇒ lèvre, monture, nez;2 ( dans le temps) tout cela est bien loin that was all a long time ago; comme c'est loin! what a long time ago that was!; aussi or du plus loin que l'on recherche, on n'arrive pas à trouver d'où vient l'erreur however far back we go, we can't find where the mistake originated; aussi loin que je me souvienne as far back ou as long as I can remember; d'aussi or du plus loin que me me souvienne for as long as I can remember; les vacances sont déjà loin the vacation is long past now, it's a long time since the vacation now ; un événement qui remonte loin dans le passé an event which dates back a long way; cela remonte à loin it's a long time ago; c'est encore loin (dans l'avenir) it's still a long way off (in the future); l'été n'est plus très loin maintenant summer isn't far off now; le temps n'est pas si loin où… it's not so long since…; il est bien loin le temps où… it's a long time since…; plus loin dans le roman/film at a later point in the novel/film;3 fig il y a loin d'une idée à sa réalisation there's a wide gap between an idea and its fulfilmentGB; de là à dire qu'il est incompétent, il y a loin there's a big difference between that and saying he's incompetent; de là à dire qu'il est incompétent, il n'y a pas loin that comes close to saying he's incompetent; tu sembles si loin ( distant) you seem so distant; ( absorbé) you seem miles away; il n'est pas bête, loin s'en faut! he's not stupid, far from it!; cela peut aller très loin it can go very far; ça va beaucoup plus loin it goes much further; il est allé trop loin he went too far; ce livre/film ne va pas loin this book/film GB ou movie US is a bit shallow; la décentralisation n'est pas allée très loin decentralization didn't get very far; votre fille est brillante, elle ira loin your daughter is brilliant, she'll go far; avec 500 euros par mois, on ne va pas aller loin we won't get very far on 500 euros a month; ils veulent aller plus loin dans leur coopération they want to extend their cooperation; il ne peut pas aller plus loin dans son soutien he can't increase his support.B loin de loc prép1 ( dans l'espace) far from; est-ce encore loin d'ici? is it much further ou farther from here?; non loin de not far from;2 ( dans le temps) far from; cette époque n'est pas si loin de nous we're not so far from that time; on est encore loin d'avoir fini we're still far from finished, we're still a long way off finishing; nous sommes encore loin de la fin des examens the end of the exams is still a long way off; il n'est pas loin de 11 heures it's not far off 11 o'clock; cela ne fait pas loin de quatre ans que je suis ici I've been here for almost four years now;3 fig far from, a long way from; je me sens loin de tout cela I feel detached from all that; c'est très loin de ce que j'attendais it's not anywhere near what I expected; elle n'est pas arrogante, loin de là! she's not arrogant, far from it!; loin de moi l'idée de vous offenser far be it from me to offend you; loin de moi cette idée! nothing could be further from my mind!; bien loin de ces discours de paix far removed from these peace talks; avec l'imprimante, ça fait pas loin de 2 500 euros if you include the printer, you're talking about 2,500 euros or thereabouts.C de loin loc adv1 ( d'un endroit éloigné) from a distance, from afar littér; je l'ai vu arriver de loin I saw him coming from a distance; je ne vois pas très bien de loin I can't see very well at a distance;2 fig from a distance; vu de loin, cela n'a pas l'air très dangereux seen from a distance, it doesn't seem very dangerous; il voit les choses de loin he sees things from a distance; c'est de loin ton meilleur roman it's by far your best novel; il est de loin le premier acheteur de films français he's far and away ou by far the main buyer of French films; leur férocité a dépassé de loin celle de… their ferocity far surpassed that of…E de loin en loin loc adv1 ( séparé dans l'espace) on pouvait voir des maisons de loin en loin you could see houses scattered here and there; les arbres étaient plantés de loin en loin the trees were planted at wide intervals;2 ( de temps en temps) every now and again, every now and then.[lwɛ̃] adverbe1. [dans l'espace] far (away)moins loin (que) not as ou so far (as)plus loin (que) further ou farther (than)2. [dans le temps] far (away)a. [dans le passé] that was a long time ago!, that seems a long way off now!b. [dans le futur] that's a long way off!de là à lui faire confiance, il y a loin there is a big difference between that and trusting himd'ici à l'accuser de mensonge, il n'y a pas loin from here it's a short step to accusing him of lyingaller un peu ou trop loin to go (a bit) too farj'irai plus loin et je dirai que... I'd go even further and say that...la possession de stupéfiants, ça peut mener loin possession of drugs can lead to serious troubleavec 100 euros, on ne va pas loin you can't get very far on 100 euros4. (Suisse) [absent]————————au loin locution adverbialeon voyait, au loin, une rangée de peupliers a row of poplars could be seen in the far distance ou far off in the distance————————d'aussi loin que locution conjonctiveil lui fit signe d'aussi loin qu'il la vit he signalled to her as soon as he saw her in the distance————————de loin locution adverbialeils sont venus d'assez loin à pied they came a fair distance ou quite a long way on foot2. [assez peu]c'est de loin le meilleur cognac it's far and away ou it's by far the best brandyje le préfère à ses collègues, et de loin I much prefer him to his colleaguesde loin en loin locution adverbialedu plus loin que locution conjonctiveil lui fit signe du plus loin qu'il l'aperçut he signalled to her as soon as he saw her in the distance————————loin de locution prépositionnelle1. [dans l'espace] a long way ou far (away) fromje ne suis pas loin de leur dire le fond de ma pensée it wouldn't take me much to tell them what I think, I have a good mind to tell them what I really thinkj'étais loin de me douter que... I never imagined...a. [endroit] far from there3. [dans le temps] a long way (away)la Première Guerre mondiale est bien loin de nous maintenant the First World War is a long way away from us now4. [au lieu de]————————loin que locution conjonctive————————pas loin de locution adverbiale -
3 petit
petit, e [p(ə)ti, it]━━━━━━━━━1. adjective2. adverb5. compounds━━━━━━━━━1. <━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► Lorsque petit fait partie d'une locution comme entrer par la petite porte, reportez-vous à l'autre mot.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━b. ( = jeune) little• je ne suis plus un petit garçon ! I'm not a child anymore!d. ( = mince) [tranche] thine. ( = court) [promenade, voyage] shortf. ( = miniature, jouet) toyh. ( = peu important) [commerçant, pays, entreprise, groupe] small ; [opération, détail, romancier] minor ; [amélioration, changement, inconvénient, odeur, rhume] slight ; [espoir, chance] faint ; [cadeau, soirée] littlei. ( = maladif) avoir une petite mine to look palej. ( = mesquin) [attitude, action] meank. (locutions) vous prendrez bien un petit verre ? you'll have a little drink, won't you?• petit con ! (vulg!) stupid jerk! (inf!)2. <3. <a. ( = enfant) little boyc. ( = jeune animal) les petits the young• faire des petits to have kittens (or puppies or lambs etc)d. ( = homme de petite taille) small man4. <5. <► petit pain ≈ bread roll► la petite reine ( = vélo) the bicycle► petit salé ( = porc) salt pork* * *
1.
petite p(ə)ti, it adjectif1) ( en taille) small, littlese faire tout petit — fig to try to make oneself inconspicuous
2) (en longueur, durée) short3) ( en âge) young, littlepetit ours/renard/lion — bear/fox/lion cub
4) [appétit, quantité, groupe] small; [mangeur] light; [salaire] low; [averse] light; [cri, rire, souci] little; [chance, rhume] slight; [détail, défaut] minor5) ( dans une hiérarchie) [marque] lesser known; [emploi] modest; [fonctionnaire] low-ranking; [poète] minor6) fig littlemon petit papa — darling daddy (colloq)
passe-moi un petit coup de fil — (colloq) give me a call
2.
nom masculin, fémininle petit — ( de deux) the younger one; ( de plus de deux) the youngest one
2) ( adulte de petite taille) small man/woman
3.
voir petit — ( sous-estimer) to underestimate; ( être sans ambition) to have no ambition
4.
nom masculin1) ( jeune animal)faire des petits — [chienne] to have puppies; fig [argent] to grow
2) ( personne modeste)•Phrasal Verbs:* * *p(ə)ti, it petit, -e1. adj1) (par la taille, les dimensions) (main, objet, colline) smallIl est petit pour son âge. — He's small for his age.
de petite taille (personne) — short, small, (arbre) small
Sonia habite une petite ville. — Sonia lives in a small town.
2) (valeur affective) littlePhyllis a une jolie petite maison. — Phyllis has a nice little house.
On a ouvert une petite bouteille de Chinon. — We've opened a little bottle of Chinon.
3) (peu important) (problème) small, minor, (progrès) little4) (= faible) (pluie, bruit) slight5) (en âge) (enfant) small, littleC'est dangereux pour les petits enfants. — It's dangerous for small children.
6) (= court) (voyage, présentation) little, (roman) short7) (= mesquin) mean2. nm/f1) (= enfant) child, little oneEmmène les petits au cinéma. — Take the children to the cinema.
Le petit de Sylvie a une mauvaise grippe. — Sylvie's little son has got bad a bad dose of flu.
les tout-petits — the little ones, the tiny tots
2) (= cadet) little one, youngestNicolas, c'est le petit. — Nicolas is the little one., Nicolas is the youngest.
mon petit (nuance ironique) — dear, (à son fils, un petit garçon) son
ma petite (nuance ironique) — dear, young lady, (à sa fille, une fillette) sweetheart
3. nm[animal]faire des petits [chatte] — to have kittens, [chienne] to have puppies
4. advpetit à petit — little by little, gradually
* * *A adj1 ( en taille) [personne, pied, objet, arbre, entreprise] ( objectivement) small; ( subjectivement) little; il est petit pour son âge he's small for his age; les mêmes, mais en plus petit the same ones, but smaller; le 36, c'est trop petit 36 is too small; le monde est petit! it's a small world!; un homme de petite taille, un homme petit a short ou small man; petit et trapu short and stocky; un petit homme timide a shy little man; la petite blonde, là-bas the little blonde, over there; une toute petite pièce/femme a tiny room/woman; se faire tout petit fig to try to make oneself inconspicuous; c'est Versailles en plus petit it's a miniature Versailles; ⇒ bête, doigt, lorgnette, plat, ruisseau;2 (en longueur, durée) [foulée, promenade, distance, paragraphe] short; par petites étapes in easy stages; ⇒ semaine;3 ( en âge) ( objectivement) young; ( subjectivement) little; il est trop petit pour comprendre he's too young to understand; c'est la plus petite she's the youngest; je t'ai connu petit I knew you when you were little; mon petit frère my little brother; ( bébé) my baby brother; le petit Jésus baby Jesus; petit garçon little boy; petite fille little girl; une petite Française a French girl; le petit nouveau the new boy; les petits enfants small ou young children; c'est notre petit dernier he's our youngest; petit chat kitten; petit chien puppy; petit ours/renard/lion bear/fox/lion cub;4 (en quantité, prix, force) [somme, appétit, majorité, volume, quantité, groupe] small; [mangeur, buveur] light; [salaire, loyer] low; [tape, vent, averse] light; [cri, rire, sourire] little; [goût, espoir, chance] slight; d'une petite voix timide in a timid little voice; une petite pluie fine a fine drizzle; ça a un petit goût de cerise it tastes slightly of cherries; avoir une petite santé to have poor health; fais un petit effort make an effort; un (tout) petit peu de sel (just) a little salt; un petit sourire coquin/supérieur a mischievous/superior little smile; ⇒ feu;5 ( en gravité) [inconvénient, détail, défaut, opération] minor; [rhume] slight; [égratignure, souci] little;6 ( dans une hiérarchie) [marque, cru] lesser known; [situation, emploi] modest; [fonctionnaire, dignitaire] low-ranking; [poète] minor; les petites routes minor roads; le petit personnel low-grade staff; les petites gens ordinary people; un petit escroc a small-time crook; ⇒ soldat;7 ( pour minimiser) little; chante-nous une petite chanson give us a little song; un petit coup de rouge a little glass of red wine; un petit visage triste a sad little face; un bon petit vin/restaurant a nice little wine/restaurant; un petit cadeau/secret a little gift/secret; une petite faveur a little favourGB; de bons petits plats tasty dishes; un petit coin tranquille a quiet spot; envoie-moi un petit mot drop me a line; passe-moi un petit coup de fil○ give me a ring GB ou call; avoir de petites attentions pour qn to make a fuss of sb GB, to fuss over sb; il faut une petite signature ici could I ask you to sign here, please?; je n'ai eu que deux petites semaines de congé! I only had two short weeks off!; j'en ai pour une petite minute/heure it won't take me a minute/more than an hour; une petite trentaine de personnes under thirty people;8 ( en sentiment) mon petit Pierre my dear Pierre; mon petit papa darling daddy; mon petit chéri/ange my darling/angel; mon petit chou○ or poulet○ sweetie○, honey○; une petite garce◑ a bitch◑; un petit imbécile an idiot; très préoccupée de sa petite personne very taken up with herself; il tient à sa petite tranquillité he likes a nice quiet life;9 ( mesquin) [personne, procédé] petty, mean; ( étroit) [conception] narrow; les petits esprits small-minded people.B nm,f1 ( enfant) little boy/girl, child; ( benjamin) le petit ( de deux) the younger one; ( de plus de deux) the youngest one; les petits the children, the kids○; pauvre petit! poor thing!; la petite Martin the Martin girl; les petits Martin the Martin children; ils ont deux petits they have two children; elle a eu un petit she's had a baby; n'aie pas peur, mon petit don't be afraid;2 ( adulte de petite taille) small man/woman; les petits small people.C adv voir petit ( sous-estimer) to underestimate; ( être sans ambition) to have no ambition; chausser/tailler petit [chaussures, vêtements] to be small-fitting; petit à petit little by little, gradually; ⇒ oiseau.D nm1 ( jeune animal) petits young; ( chats) kittens; ( chiens) puppies; (loups, lions, ours) cubs, young; le mammifère allaite ses petits mammals suckle their young; la lionne et ses petits the lioness and her cubs ou young; comment s'appelle le petit de la chèvre? what do you call a baby ou young goat?; faire des petits [chienne] to have puppies; fig ( se multiplier) [argent] to grow; ( se briser) [vase] to end up in bits;2 ( personne modeste) les petits ordinary people; un petit de la finance a minor figure in the world of finance.petit aigle Zool scops owl; petit ami boyfriend; petit bassin Anat lower pelvis; ( de piscine) small pool; petit blanc ( vin) small glass of white wine; petit bleu† Postes telegram; petit bois ( d'allumage) kindling; petit cacatois fore royal sail; petit chef petty tyrant; jouer au petit chef to throw one's weight around○; petit coin○ euph ( toilettes) loo○ GB, bathroom US; aller au petit coin to go to the loo○ GB ou bathroom US; petit commerçant small trader; petit commerce small traders (pl); petit crème small espresso with milk; petit déjeuner breakfast; petit endroit = petit coin; petit four petit four; petit hunier Naut fore topsail; petit juif○ funny bone; petit linge underwear; laver son petit linge to wash one's smalls○; petit maître minor master; petit noir coffee; petit nom○ ( prénom) first name; petit paquet small packet; petit perroquet Naut fore topgallant sail; petit peuple lower classes (pl); petit point petit point; petit pois (garden) pea, petit pois; petit porteur small shareholder; petit pot ( pour bébés) jar of baby food; petit quart Naut dogwatch; petit rat (de l'Opéra) pupil at Paris Opéra's ballet school; petit roque ( aux échecs) castling short; petit salé streaky salted pork; petit trot jog trot; petite amie girlfriend; petite annonce Presse classified advertisement ou ad○; petite caisse petty cash; petite école○ ≈ nursery school; petite main seamstress (at a top fashion house); petite mort orgasm; petite nature weakling; petite phrase (memorable) saying; petite reine Sport cycling; petite souris tooth fairy; petite vérole smallpox; petite voiture toy car; petites annonces matrimoniales personal ads; petites classes○ Scol younger children; petites et moyennes entreprises, PME small and medium enterprises, SMEs; petites sœurs des pauvres Little Sisters of the Poor; petits chevaux Jeux ≈ ludo (sg); petits métiers du passé traditional crafts.( féminin petite) [p(ə)ti, p(ə)tit] (devant nom masculin commençant par voyelle ou h muet [p(ə)tit]) adjectifune personne de petite taille a small ou short personil y a un petit mur entre les deux jardins there's a low ou small wall between the two gardensa. (familier) [femme] a tiny little womanb. [fillette] a tiny little girla. [de bébé] little fat legsb. [d'adulte] short fat legselle a de petits pieds she's got small ou little feetun petit "a" a lower-case ou small "a"se faire tout petit [passer inaperçu] to make oneself inconspicuous, to keep a low profilea. [par respect ou timidité] to humble oneself before somebodyb. [par poltronnerie] to cower ou to shrink before somebody[exprime l'approximation]on y sera dans une petite heure we'll be there in a bit less than ou in under an houril y a un petit kilomètre d'ici à la ferme ≃ it's no more than ou just under three quarters of a mile from here to the farm2. [faible] smallexpédition/émission à petit budget low-budget expedition/programmepetit loyer low ou moderate rentpetite retraite/rente small pension/annuityune petite Chinoise a young ou little Chinese girlun petit lion/léopard a lion/leopard cubun petit éléphant a baby elephant, an elephant calfun petit séjour a short ou brief stay5. [dans une hiérarchie]les petits agriculteurs/propriétaires small farmers/landownersa. [sommes] low salaries, small wagesb. [employés] low-paid workersil s'est trouvé un petit emploi au service exportation he found a minor post in the export departmentpetit peintre/poète minor painter/poetune petite intervention chirurgicale minor surgery, a small ou minor operationil y a un petit défaut there's a slight ou small ou minor defectj'ai eu un petit rhume I had a bit of a cold ou a slight cold7. [léger] slight8. [avec une valeur affective] littlej'ai trouvé une petite couturière/un petit garagiste I've found a very good little seamstress/garagefais-moi une petite place make a little space for me, give me a (little) ou tiny bit of roomalors, mon petit Paul, comment ça va?a. [dit par une femme] how's life, Paul, dear?b. [dit par un homme plus âgé] how's life, young Paul?[pour encourager]tu mangeras bien une petite glace! come on, have an ice cream!je n'ai pas le temps de faire un match — juste un petit! I've no time to play a match — come on, just a quick one![avec une valeur admirative]petit débrouillard! you're smart!, you don't miss a thing!(euphémisme) [notable][avec une valeur dépréciative]j'en ai assez de ses petits mystères/petites manigances! I'm fed up with her little mysteries/intrigues!————————, petite [p(ə)ti, p(ə)tit] (devant nom masculin commençant par voyelle ou h muet [p(ə)tit]) nom masculin, nom fémininc'est la petite d'en face (familier) it's the girl from across the street, it's the daughter of the people across the street, it's across the road's daughter (UK)quant aux petits, nous les emmènerons au zoo as for the younger children, we'll take them to the zooc'est un livre qui fera les délices des petits comme des grands this book will delight young and old (alike)4. [avec une valeur affective - à un jeune] dear ; [ - à un bébé] little onea. [à un homme] dearmon petit, je suis fier de toia. [à un garçon] young man, I'm proud of youb. [à une fille] young lady, I'm proud of youviens, mon tout petit come here (my) little oneça, ma petite, vous ne l'emporterez pas au paradis! you'll never get away with it, my dear!la pauvre petite, comment va-t-elle faire? poor thing, however will she manage?————————nom masculin1. [animal] babya. [généralement] her youngb. [chatte] her kittensc. [chienne] her puppiesd. [tigresse, louve] her cubsa. [chienne] to have pupsb. [chatte] to have kittens2. [dans une hiérarchie]dans la course aux marchés, les petits sont piétinés in the race to gain markets, small firms ou businesses get trampled underfoot————————adverbe1. COMMERCEc'est un 38 mais ce modèle chausse/taille petit it says 38 but this style is a small fitting (UK) runs small (US)2. [juste]————————en petit locution adverbiale[en petits caractères] in small characters ou letters[en miniature] in miniaturepetit à petit locution adverbiale -
4 monter
monter [mɔ̃te]➭ TABLE 1━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. intransitive verb► monter sur [+ table, rocher, toit] to climb onto• monté sur une chaise, il accrochait un tableau he was standing on a chair hanging a picture• monter à bicyclette ( = faire du vélo) to ride a bicycle• monter à or jusqu'à to come up to• jusqu'où monte le téléphérique ? where does the cable car go up to?• la voiture peut monter jusqu'à 250 km/h the car can do up to 250km/h• ce tableau peut monter jusqu'à 30 000 € this painting could fetch up to 30,000 euros2. transitive verba. ( = gravir) to go upb. ( = porter) to take upd. ( = augmenter) monter le son to turn the sound upe. ( = exciter) monter qn contre qn to set sb against sb• « je monte la garde ! » "beware of the dog!"h. [+ pièce de théâtre] to put on ; [+ affaire, opération, campagne publicitaire] to set up ; [+ canular] to play ; [+ complot] to hatchi. [+ diamant, perle] to mount ; [+ pneu] to put on3. reflexive verba.se monter à [+ prix] to amount to* * *mɔ̃te
1.
verbe transitif (+ v avoir)1) ( transporter) ( en haut) gén to take [somebody/something] up (à to); ( à l'étage) to take [somebody/something] upstairs2) ( placer plus haut) to put [something] up [objet]; to raise [étagère] (de by)3) ( réussir à transporter) to get [something] up [objet]4) ( parcourir) to go up [escalier, pente, rue]5) (en valeur, intensité) to turn up [volume, thermostat]; Musique to raise the pitch of [instrument]6) Culinaire to beat, to whisk [blanc d'œuf, mayonnaise]7) ( rendre hostile)monter quelqu'un contre quelqu'un — to turn ou set somebody against somebody
8) ( chevaucher) to ride [cheval]9) (couvrir, saillir) to mount, to cover10) ( assembler) to assemble [meuble, appareil]; to put up [tente, échafaudage]; to set, to mount [pierre précieuse]; to mount [gravure]; Musique to string [instrument]11) ( en couture) to put [something] in [col]; to set [something] in [manche]12) ( organiser) to hatch [complot]; to mount [attaque]; to set up [société]; Théâtre to stage [pièce]monter une histoire de toutes pièces — to concoct ou fabricate a story from beginning to end
13) ( fournir)
2.
verbe intransitif (+ v être)1) ( se déplacer) ( en allant) gén to go up; ( à l'étage) to go upstairs; [avion, hélicoptère] to climb; [oiseau] to fly up; [soleil, brume] to risetu es monté à pied? — gén did you walk up?
il est monté au col à bicyclette/en voiture — he cycled/drove up to the pass
monter sur — to get onto [trottoir]; to climb onto [mur]
monter sur le toit — [enfant, chat] to go up onto the roof
monter à l'échelle/l'arbre — to climb (up) the ladder/the tree
faites-les monter — (clients, marchandises) send them up
monter dans un train/bus/avion — to get on a train/bus/plane
monter sur — to get on [cheval, bicyclette, tracteur]
3) ( s'étendre de bas en haut) [route, voie ferrée] to go uphill, to climb; [terrain] to rise; [canalisation, ligne téléphonique] ( en allant) to go upmonter en lacets — [route] to wind its way up
monter en pente douce — [terrain, route] to slope up gently
monter en pente raide — [terrain, route] to climb steeply
4) ( atteindre) [vêtement, liquide, neige] to come up5) ( augmenter) gén to rise, to go up (à to; de by); [marée] to come in; Musique [mélodie] to risefaire monter les cours de 2% — to push prices up by 2%
6) (se rendre, séjourner)monter à or sur Paris — ( de province) to go up to Paris
7) ( chevaucher)monter à bicyclette/moto — to ride a bicycle/motorbike
8) Arméemonter à l'assaut or l'attaque — to mount an attack (de on)
9) Jeux ( aux cartes) to play a higher card10) ( progresser) [employé, artiste] to riseà force de monter, il deviendra directeur — he'll work his way right up to director
monter en puissance — [parti, politicien] to rise
11) ( gagner en intensité) [colère, émotion] to mount; [sanglots] to rise; [larmes] to well uple ton monta — ( animation) the conversation became noisier; ( énervement) the discussion became heated
12) ( saisir)monter à la gorge de quelqu'un — [sanglots, cri] to rise (up) in somebody's throat
monter à la tête de quelqu'un — [vin, succès] to go to somebody's head
le rouge lui est monté au front — he/she went red in the face
13) Automobile, Technologiemonter à 250 km/h — to go up to 250 kph
3.
se monter verbe pronominal1) ( s'élever)se monter à — [frais, facture] to amount to
2) ( s'équiper) to get oneself set up (en with)••se monter la tête — (colloq) to get worked up (colloq)
* * *mɔ̃te1) [escalier, côte] (en allant) to go up, (en venant) to come upElle a du mal à monter les escaliers. — She has difficulty going upstairs.
2) [valise, paquet] (en allant) to take up, (en venant) to bring upMonte les valises pendant que je règle le taxi. — Take the suitcases up while I pay the cab fare.
Monte-moi le dossier. — Bring me up the file.
3) [société, opération] to set up4) [tente, échafaudage, étagères] to put up, [machine] to assemble5) (= fixer)monter qch sur qch [dispositif, moteur] — to fit sth on sth
6) [cheval] to mount, to get on7) ZOOLOGIE, [femelle] to cover, to serve8) [bijou] to mount, to set10) CINÉMA to edit11) THÉÂTRE, [pièce] to put on, to stage1) [personne] (aller) to go up, (venir) to come upmonter à pied — to walk up, to go up on foot
monter sur [chaise, escabeau] — to get onto
Tu vas devoir monter sur une chaise pour changer l'ampoule. — You'll have to get onto a chair to change the light bulb.
2) [avion, voiture] to climb, to go up3) [chemin, niveau, température, voix, prix] to go up, to riseLes prix ont encore monté. — Prices have gone up again.
4) [brouillard, bruit] to rise, to come up5) [passager] to get onmonter dans le train — to get on the train, to board the train
monter dans l'avion — to get on the plane, to board the plane
Il est temps de monter dans l'avion. — It's time to get on the plane.
6) (= faire du cheval) to ride, to ride a horsemonter à cheval (hobby) — to ride, to go riding, (action) to get on a horse
monter bien — to be a good rider, to ride well
monter mal — to be a poor rider, to ride badly
* * *monter verb table: aimerA vtr (+ v avoir)1 ( transporter) ( en haut) gén to take [sb/sth] up [personne, objet] (à to); ( à l'étage) to take [sb/sth] upstairs [personne, objet]; ( d'en bas) gén to bring [sb/sth] up [personne, objet] (de from); ( de l'étage) to bring [sb/sth] upstairs [personne, objet]; monter les valises au grenier to take the suitcases up to the attic; monter les bouteilles de la cave to bring the bottles up from the cellar; je peux vous monter au village I can take you up to the village; monte-moi mes pantoufles bring my slippers up (to me); je leur ai fait monter les valises au grenier I made them take the suitcases up to the attic; j'ai fait monter le piano dans la chambre I had the piano taken up to the bedroom; faites -moi monter les dossiers secrets get the secret files brought up to me;2 ( placer plus haut) to put [sth] up [objet]; to raise [étagère] (de by); monte le store put the blind up; j'ai monté le vase sur l'étagère du haut I put the vase on the top shelf; tu peux me monter cette valise sur l'armoire? can you put ou get this suitcase up on the wardrobe for me?; monter l'étagère d'un cran/de 20 centimètres to raise the shelf by one notch/by 20 centimetresGB;3 ( réussir à transporter) to get [sth] up [objet]; impossible de monter le piano par l'escalier/par la fenêtre it's impossible to get the piano up the stairs/up through the window; comment va-t-on monter le piano? ( à l'étage) how are we going to get the piano upstairs?; ( dans le camion) how are we going to get the piano in?;4 ( parcourir) ( en allant) to go up [pente, rue, marches]; to go up, to climb [côte, escaliers]; ( en venant) to come up [pente, rue, marches, escaliers]; je l'ai vu monter les escaliers sur les or à genoux I saw him go ou climb up the stairs on his knees; monter la colline à bicyclette to cycle up the hill; je leur ai fait monter la colline en courant I made them run up the hill; il m'a fait monter les escaliers trois fois he made me go upstairs ou up the stairs three times;5 (en valeur, intensité) to turn up [volume, thermostat, gaz]; Mus to raise the pitch of [instrument]; Art to intensify [couleur]; monte un peu la radio turn the radio up a bit; monter un violon d'un ton to raise the pitch of a violin by a tone;6 Culin to beat, to whisk [blanc d'œuf, mayonnaise]; monter les blancs en neige ( dans une recette) beat ou whisk the egg whites until stiff; monter une sauce to thicken a sauce;7 ( rendre hostile) monter qn contre qn to turn ou set sb against sb; monter qn contre un projet to put sb off a plan; être monté contre qn to have it in for sb;8 ( chevaucher) to ride [cheval, âne, éléphant]; ce cheval n'a jamais été monté this horse has never been ridden (before);9 (couvrir, saillir) to mount, to cover;10 ( assembler) to assemble [meuble, appareil, machine]; to put up [tente, échafaudage]; to set, to mount [pierre précieuse]; to mount [gravure, estampe, photo]; Mus to string [instrument]; monter un film Cin to edit a film; monter une page Imprim to set (up) a page; monter une émission TV to edit a broadcast; monter en parallèle Électrotech to connect in parallel;11 Cout to put [sth] in [col]; to set [sth] in [manche]; monter un manteau/une robe to make up a coat/a dress;12 ( organiser) to hatch [complot]; to mount [attaque, opération militaire]; to set up [société, opération financière]; Théât to stage, to put on [pièce]; monter un spectacle to stage ou put on a show; monter une histoire de toutes pièces to concoct ou fabricate a story from beginning to end;13 ( fournir) monter son ménage/sa maison to set up home/house; monter sa garde-robe to build up one's wardrobe.B vi (+ v être)1 ( se déplacer) [personne] ( en allant) gén to go up (à to); ( à l'étage) to go upstairs; ( en venant) gén to come up (de from); ( à l'étage) to come upstairs; [train, ascenseur, téléphérique] ( en allant) to go up; ( en venant) to come up; [avion, hélicoptère] to climb; [oiseau] to fly up; [soleil, brume] to rise (sur over); [fumée, odeur, bruit] to come up; reste-ici, je monte au grenier stay here, I'm going up to the attic; peux-tu monter chercher mon sac? can you go upstairs and get my bag?; tu peux monter m'aider à pousser l'armoire? can you come upstairs and help me push the wardrobe?; il est monté s'allonger he went upstairs to lie down; te voilà! tu es monté par l'ascenseur? there you are! did you come up in the lift GB ou elevator US?; tu es monté à pied? gén did you walk up?; ( plutôt que par l'ascenseur) did you come up on foot?; je préfère monter par l'escalier I prefer to go up by the stairs; nous sommes montés par le sentier/la route ( à pied) we walked up by the path/the road; ( à cheval) we rode up by the path/the road; il est monté au col à bicyclette/en voiture he cycled/drove up to the pass; il est monté vers moi en rampant he crawled up to me; où est l'écureuil? il a dû monter à l'arbre where's the squirrel? it must have gone up ou climbed the tree; monte, je te suis go on up, I'll follow you; monte ici! come up here!; je suis monté en haut de la tour/au sommet de la falaise I went up to the top of the tower/to the top of the cliff; monter sur [personne] to step onto, to get onto [trottoir, marche]; [animal] to get onto [marche, trottoir]; [personne, animal] to climb onto [mur, tabouret]; il est monté sur le toit [enfant, chat] he's/it's gone up onto the roof; monter à l'échelle/l'arbre/la corde to climb (up) the ladder/the tree/the rope; monter à la verticale [ballon, alpiniste] to climb vertically; monter au ciel to ascend into Heaven; l'air chaud fait monter les ballons/planeurs warm air makes balloons/gliders rise; elle m'a fait/ne m'a pas laissé monter dans sa chambre she had me/didn't let me go up to her bedroom; faites-les monter (clients, marchandises) send them up;2 ( sur un moyen de transport) monter dans une voiture to get in a car; monter dans un train/bus/avion to get on a train/bus/plane; monter dans un canoë/sur un bateau to get into a canoe/on a boat; il n'est jamais monté en avion he's never been on a plane; il a peur de monter en avion he's afraid of flying; monter à bord to get on board; monter sur to get on [âne, cheval, bicyclette, tracteur]; monté sur son cheval/sur son chameau, il parcourait le pays he travelledGB the country on horseback/on his camel;3 ( s'étendre de bas en haut) [route, voie ferrée] to go uphill, to climb; [terrain] to rise; [canalisation, ligne téléphonique] ( en allant) to go up; ( en venant) to come up; monter jusqu'à [chemin, muraille, escalier] ( description) to go up to; ( emphase) to go up as far as; monter jusqu'au sommet [route, ligne téléphonique] to go right up to the top; monter en lacets [route] to wind its way up; monter en pente douce [terrain, route] to slope up gently; monter en pente raide [terrain, route] to climb steeply; monter brusquement sur 200 mètres [pente, route] to climb sharply for 200 metresGB;4 ( atteindre) [vêtement, liquide, neige] to come up (jusqu'à to); des chaussettes qui montent jusqu'aux genoux socks that come up to the knees; il avait des chaussettes qui lui montaient aux genoux he was wearing knee socks; l'eau nous montait jusqu'à la taille the water came up to our waists, we were waist-deep in water; l'eau montait sur la berge the water came up onto the bank;5 ( augmenter) [niveau, baromètre, température, pression, prix, taux] to rise, to go up (à to; de by); [marée] to come in; Mus [mélodie] to rise; l’euro est or a monté par rapport à la livre the euro has risen ou gone up against the pound; faire monter les cours de 2% to push prices up by 2%; ça va faire monter le dollar it'll send ou push the dollar up; ça fait monter la température gén it raises the temperature; Méd it puts one's temperature up; ça ne fera pas monter leur niveau de vie it won't raise their standard of living;6 (se rendre, séjourner) monter à or sur Paris ( de province) to go up to Paris; monter à Lyon ( du Midi) to go up to Lyons;7 ( chevaucher) monter (à cheval) to ride; monter à bicyclette/moto to ride a bicycle/motorbike; il ne sait pas monter (à cheval) he can't ride; elle monte à cheval deux fois par semaine she goes riding ou rides twice a week;8 Mil monter à l'assaut or l'attaque to mount an attack (de on); monter au front to move up to the front; monter en ligne to move up the line; monter au combat to go into battle;9 Jeux ( aux cartes) to play a higher card; monter à carreau/l'atout to play a higher diamond/trump;10 ( progresser) ( dans une hiérarchie) to rise, to move up; ( en notoriété) [artiste] to rise; à force de monter, il deviendra directeur he'll work his way right up to director; c'est un jeune peintre qui monte he's an up-and-coming ou a rising young painter; monter en puissance [parti, politicien] to rise;11 ( gagner en intensité) [colère, émotion] to mount; [sanglots] to rise; [larmes] to well up; le ton monta ( animation) the conversation became noisier; ( énervement) the discussion became heated;12 ( saisir) monter à la gorge de qn [sanglots, cri] to rise (up) in sb's throat; monter à la tête de qn [vin, alcool, succès] to go to sb's head; le rouge lui est monté au front he/she went red in the face;13 Aut, Tech monter à 250 km/h [véhicule] to go up to ou reach 250 km/h; [automobiliste] to go up to 250 km/h; monter en puissance [moteur] to increase in power.C se monter vpr1 ( s'élever) se monter à [dépenses, frais, facture] to come to, to amount to; [dette] to amount to;2 ( s'équiper) to get oneself set up (en with).se monter la tête○ to get worked up○.[mɔ̃te] verbe intransitif (auxiliaire être ou avoir)1. [personne, animal - vu d'en bas] to go up ; [ - vu d'en haut] to come up[drapeau] to go upmonte par l'ascenseur go up in ou use the liftle premier de cordée continuait à monter the leader continued to climb ou continued the ascentes-tu déjà montée au dernier étage de la tour Eiffel? have you ever been up to the top of the Eiffel Tower?monter en pente raide to climb steeply ou sharplyça monte trop, passe en première it's too steep, change down into firstmonter de [suj: odeur, bruit] to rise (up) from, to come from2. [dans un moyen de transport]a. [avion, train] to get on ou onto, to boardb. [bus] to get on, to boardc. [voiture] to get intotu montes (avec moi)? [dans ma voiture] are you coming with me (in my car)?elle monte à Versailles [dans le train] she gets on at Versailles (station)monter sur un ou à bord d'un bateau to board a shipmonter sur un cheval to get on ou to mount a horseça fait longtemps que je ne suis pas monté sur une bicyclette it's a long time since I've been on a bicycle3. [apparaître suite à une émotion]les larmes lui sont montées aux yeux tears welled up in his eyes, his eyes filled with tears4. [s'élever - température] to rise, to go up ; [ - fièvre] to rise ; [ - prix, taux] to rise, to go up, to increase ; [ - action] to rise ; [ - rivière] to rise ; [ - mer, marée] to come in ; [ - anxiété, mécontentement] to grow, to increasefaire monter [tension, peur] to increasea. [surenchère] to send ou to put prices upb. [marchand] to put up ou to increase pricesles loyers ont monté de 25 % rents have gone up ou increased by 25%a. [il bout] the milk is boilingb. [chez une femme qui allaite] lactation has startedprends de grosses aiguilles, ton pull montera plus vite your sweater will knit up more quickly if you use big needlesle soufflé a bien monté/n'a pas monté the soufflé rose beautifully/didn't risea. [de colère] voices were being raised, the discussion was becoming heatedb. [d'animation] the noise level was rising5. [atteindre un certain niveau]monter à ou jusqu'à [eau, vêtement, chaussures] to come up toles pistes de ski montent jusqu'à 3 000 m the ski runs go up to ou as high as 3,000 ml'hectare de vigne peut monter jusqu'à 30 000 euros one hectare of vineyard can cost up to ou fetch as much as 30,000 eurosil peut monter jusqu'au "si" he can go ou sing up to B7. [pour attaquer]8. [dans une hiérarchie] to rise[dans le temps]la génération qui monte the rising ou new generation9. [aller vers le nord]10. JEUX————————[mɔ̃te] verbe transitif (auxiliaire avoir)1. [gravir] to go up (inseparable)monter l'escalier to go ou to climb up the stairs, to go upstairs2. [porter en haut - bagages, colis] to take ou to carry up (separable) ; [ - courrier] to take up (separable)peut-on se faire monter le repas dans les chambres? is it possible to have meals brought to the room?3. [mettre plus haut]monte la vitre, j'ai froid wind up the (car) window, I'm cold[mettre en colère]5. [assembler - kit] to assemble, to put together (separable) ; [ - tente] to pitch, to put up (separable) ; [ - abri] to rig up (separable)a. [sur une marie-louise] to mount an engravingb. [dans un cadre] to frame an engraving7. [organiser - généralement] to organize ; [ - pièce, spectacle] to put on (separable), to stage, to produce ; [ - canular] to think up (separable) ; [ - complot, machination] to set up (separable)8. [pourvoir - bibliothèque, collection, cave] to set up (separable)monter son ménage ou sa maison to set up house9. ÉQUITATION[film] to edit11. COUTURE to fit (on)monter une manche to sew on ou to attach a sleevele pantalon est prêt à être monté the trousers are ready to assemble ou to be made up[tricoter - maille] to cast on (separable)12. CUISINE————————se monter à verbe pronominal plus préposition[coût, dépenses] to come ou to amount ou to add up to————————se monter en verbe pronominal plus prépositionto equip ou to provide oneself with -
5 peace
noun1) (freedom from war) Frieden, dermaintain/restore peace — den Frieden bewahren/wiederherstellen
peace talks/treaty — Friedensgespräche Pl./Friedensvertrag, der
make peace [with somebody] — [mit jemandem] Frieden schließen
in peace [and harmony] — in [Frieden und] Eintracht
bind somebody over to keep the peace — jemanden verwarnen, die öffentliche Ordnung zu wahren
be at peace [with somebody/something] — [mit jemandem/etwas] in Frieden leben
be at peace with oneself — mit sich selbst im reinen sein
make [one's] peace [with somebody] — sich [mit jemandem] aussöhnen
3) (tranquillity) Ruhe, dieleave somebody in peace — jemanden in Frieden od. in Ruhe lassen
4) (mental state) Ruhe, diepeace of mind — Seelenfrieden, der; innere Ruhe
I shall have no peace of mind until I know it — ich werde keine ruhige Minute haben, bis ich es weiß
* * *[pi:s]1) ((sometimes with a) (a time of) freedom from war; (a treaty or agreement which brings about) the end or stopping of a war: Does our country want peace or war?; ( also adjective) a peace treaty.) der Frieden; Friedens-...2) (freedom from disturbance; quietness: I need some peace and quiet.) der Frieden•- academic.ru/54123/peaceable">peaceable- peaceably
- peaceful
- peacefully
- peacefulness
- peacemaker
- peace-offering
- peacetime
- at peace
- in peace
- make peace
- peace of mind* * *[pi:s]n no plthis continent is now at \peace auf diesem Kontinent herrscht jetzt Frieden\peace talks Friedensgespräche pllasting \peace dauerhafter Friedento long for \peace sich akk nach Frieden sehnento make \peace Frieden schließento be arrested for disturbing the \peace wegen Ruhestörung verhaftet werdento disturb [or break] the \peace die Ruhe störento keep the \peace den Frieden wahrento make one's \peace with sb sich akk mit jdm versöhnenhe will give me no \peace until I give in er wird keine Ruhe geben, bis ich nachgebe\peace of mind Seelenfrieden m, innere Ruhe\peace and quiet Ruhe und Friedento leave sb in \peace jdn in Frieden [o Ruhe] lassen▪ to be at \peace in Frieden ruhento be at \peace about one's situation sich akk seinem Schicksal fügento be at \peace with the world mit sich dat und der Welt im Einklang sein4. RELthe Prince of P\peace der Friedensfürst (Jesus Christus)\peace be with you Friede sei mit dir5.* * *[piːs]n1) (= freedom from war) Frieden m, Friede m (geh)to be at peace with sb/sth — mit jdm/etw in Frieden leben
to be at peace with oneself/the world — mit sich (dat) selbst/mit der Welt in Frieden leben
to make (one's) peace with oneself — mit sich (dat) selbst ins Reine kommen
to make peace between... — Frieden stiften zwischen (+dat)...
the (King's/Queen's) peace (Jur) — die öffentliche Ordnung
to keep the peace (Jur) (demonstrator, citizen) — die öffentliche Ordnung wahren; (policeman) die öffentliche Ordnung aufrechterhalten; (fig) Frieden bewahren
3) (= tranquillity, quiet) Ruhe fpeace of mind — innere Ruhe, Seelenfrieden
the Peace of God — der Friede Gottes, Gottes Friede
to get some/no peace — zur Ruhe/nicht zur Ruhe kommen
* * *peace [piːs]A s1. Friede(n) m:at peace im Frieden, im Friedenszustand;the two countries are at peace zwischen den beiden Ländern herrscht Frieden;make peace Frieden schließen ( with mit)2. JUR Landfrieden m, öffentliche Sicherheit, öffentliche Ruhe und Ordnung:3. fig Friede(n) m, (innere) Ruhe:peace of mind Seelenfrieden, innerer Friede;hold one’s peace sich ruhig verhalten, den Mund halten;leave in peace in Ruhe oder Frieden lassen;live in peace and quiet in Ruhe und Frieden leben;4. Versöhnung f, Eintracht f:live in peace with in Frieden leben mit;make one’s peace with sb seinen Frieden mit jemandem machen, sich mit jemandem aus- oder versöhnen;make (one’s) peace with o.s. mit sich selbst ins Reine kommen5. friedliche Ruhe oder StilleB int pst!, still!, sei(d) ruhig!C adj Friedens…:peace conference (initiative, movement, offensive, offer, process, symbol, treaty, etc); → establishment 10* * *noun1) (freedom from war) Frieden, dermaintain/restore peace — den Frieden bewahren/wiederherstellen
peace talks/treaty — Friedensgespräche Pl./Friedensvertrag, der
make peace [with somebody] — [mit jemandem] Frieden schließen
in peace [and harmony] — in [Frieden und] Eintracht
bind somebody over to keep the peace — jemanden verwarnen, die öffentliche Ordnung zu wahren
be at peace [with somebody/something] — [mit jemandem/etwas] in Frieden leben
make [one's] peace [with somebody] — sich [mit jemandem] aussöhnen
3) (tranquillity) Ruhe, dieleave somebody in peace — jemanden in Frieden od. in Ruhe lassen
4) (mental state) Ruhe, diepeace of mind — Seelenfrieden, der; innere Ruhe
I shall have no peace of mind until I know it — ich werde keine ruhige Minute haben, bis ich es weiß
* * *n.Friede m.Frieden m.Ruhe nur sing. f. -
6 Queluz, National Palace of
Considered Portugal's most beautiful former royal residence among a host of palaces, Queluz Palace was built in the 18th century. It is rightly regarded as the Portuguese mini-Versailles for several reasons. In some respects a miniature version of France's colossal palace and garden, Queluz, with its unusual gardens and park located west of Lisbon near Sin-tra, bears the touch of French architects and decorators, has French furniture and décor, and even boasts its own small Hall of Mirrors à la Versailles, the Throne Room. Queluz was a favorite dwelling place of King João VI and family, and symbolizes Portugal's efforts to be counted as worthy of the greatest European powers' tastes and standards of the day.Queluz's history began with a mid-17th century noble's country house, altered to accommodate the royal princes for a summer residence away from the noise and heat of Lisbon. Palace construction began in 1747 and lasted at least until 1786. Portuguese baroque and neoclassical styles dominate the charming palace's interior and exterior. The main architects were Portuguese and Italian, and also included the French decorator-artist Robillon. For materials, rare woods were imported from Brazil and marble from Italy. Especially striking in the garden-park, with its own small canal and walking bridges, are the azulejos or glazed tiles along the canal. In 1908, King Manuel II transferred ownership of Queluz to the state, and extensive restorations began in 1933.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Queluz, National Palace of
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7 origen
m.1 origin (principio).en su origen originallydar origen a to give rise totener su origen en to have one's origins in, to originate in (lugar)2 origins, birth (ascendencia).los aceites de origen español oils of Spanish origin, Spanish oilsAlicia es colombiana de origen Alicia is Colombian by birthde origen humilde of humble origin3 cause (causa).el origen del problema the cause o source of the problem* * *► nombre masculino (pl orígenes)1 (causa) cause, origin2 (procedencia - gen) origin; (- de persona) extraction\dar origen a to give rise toen su origen originallytener su origen en to originate inidioma de origen source languagepaís de origen country of origin* * *noun m.1) origin2) source•- orígenes* * *SM1) (=causa, principio) originun trabajo de investigación sobre los orígenes del flamenco — a piece of research on the origins of flamenco
la policía está investigando el origen de las llamadas telefónicas — the police are investigating the source of the phone calls
esta situación ha dado origen a múltiples procesos judiciales — this situation has given rise to numerous lawsuits
el Big Bang, la gran explosión que dio origen al Universo — the Big Bang, the great explosion that created the Universe
•
de origen, proteínas de origen animal/vegetal — animal/vegetable proteinsproblemas de origen psicológico — psychological problems, problems of psychological origin
un deporte de origen inglés — a sport of English origin, a sport originally from England
•
desde sus orígenes — [de movimiento, corriente] from its origins; [de ciudad, país] from the very beginning, right from the startuna historia de la medicina desde sus orígenes hasta nuestros días — a history of medicine from its origins up to the present day
•
en su origen — originallyla obra fue escrita en su origen para cuatro voces — the work was originally written for four voices
en su origen la organización no tenía más de veinte miembros — at the outset o at the start o originally the organization had no more than twenty members
•
tener su origen en — [+ lugar] to originate in; [+ inicio] to originate from; [+ fecha] to date back tola paella tuvo su origen en Valencia — paella had its origin o originated in Valencia
el vals tiene su origen en las danzas austriacas "Ländler" — the waltz originates o comes from Austrian "Ländler" dances
2) [de persona] background, origins plson gente de origen humilde — they are from a humble background, they are of humble origins
•
de origen argentino/árabe — of Argentinian/Arab origin o más frm extraction•
país de origen — country of origin, native country3)• en origen — (Com, Econ) at source
* * *a) ( principio) origin; (de palabra, tradición) originen su origen — originally, in the beginning
aquel comentario dio origen a... — that remark gave rise to o caused...
b) ( procedencia) originc) (Mat) origin* * *= genesis, lineage, origin, parent, pedigree, root, source, provenance, strain, root cause.Ex. The genesis of this brave new world of solid state logic, in which bibliographic data are reduced to phantasmagoria on the faces of cathode-ray tubes (CRT), extends at most only three-quarters of a decade into the dim past.Ex. The lineage of PRECIS indexing: PRECIS indexing has roots in faceted classification.Ex. These rules have their origins in a report by the American Library Association.Ex. Most bibliographic databases evolved from a parent abstracting or indexing publication.Ex. The term 'false drops' which is encountered in other aspects of information retrieval can trace its pedigree to edge notch cards.Ex. However, many indexing systems have evolved over the last century, and have their roots in a time when detailed specification of subjects was unnecessary.Ex. The network is fairly well developed and lobbying initiatives on policies affecting all or a group of local authorities have stemmed from this source.Ex. This article redefines the archival principle of provenance as the entire history of an item's origin, its use and custody.Ex. The dynamism of a continent-wide free society drawn from many strains depended on more people having access to more knowledge to be used in more ways = El dinamismo de una sociedad continental libre compuesta de muchas razas dependía de que un mayor número de personas tuviera acceso a un mayor conocimiento para que se utilizara de más formas diferentes.Ex. This article highlights the root causes of nativism against both immigrants and U.S. immigration policy arising from increasing legal and illegal immigration.----* álbum de orígenes = studbook.* americano de origen asiático = Asian American.* americano de origen mejicano = Mexican American.* artículo origen = parent article.* atribuir su origen a = trace to, trace back to.* buscar el origen de = trace + the origin of.* buscar el origen de la relación entre = trace + the relationship between.* cuyo origen es determinable = retraceable, traceable.* cuyo origen es ilocalizable = irretraceable.* cuyo origen es localizable = traceable, retraceable.* cuyo origen is indeterminable = irretraceable.* dar origen = mother.* dar origen a = give + rise to, bring about, lead to, give + cause to, give + occasion to.* de origen + Adjetivo = Adjetivo + in origin.* de origen determinable = retraceable, traceable.* de origen humilde = of low descent.* de origen ilocalizable = irretraceable.* de origen indeterminable = irretraceable.* de origen localizable = traceable, retraceable.* desde su origen = from + its/their + inception, since + its/their + inception.* el dinero es el origen de todos los males = money is the root of all evil.* en el origen (de) = in the early days (of).* en sus orígenes = originally.* establecer el origen de = trace + the origin of.* libro de orígenes = studbook.* los orígenes de = the dawn of.* lugar de origen = locality of origin.* nacionalidad de origen = nationality of origin.* Origen de las Especies, el = Origin of Species, the.* origen de todos males, el = root of all evil, the.* orígenes = ascendancy.* orígenes + encontrarse = origins + lie.* origen étnico = ethnic origin, ethnicity, ethnic background.* origen geográfico = geographical origin.* origen geológico = geological origin.* origen nacional = national origin.* origen + remontarse a = trace + ascendancy.* país de origen = country of origin, national origin, home country.* ser de origen + Adjetivo = be + Adjetivo + in origin.* ser el origen de = provide + the material for.* tener su origen = hark(en) back to, hearken back to.* tener su origen en = trace to, trace back to, have + Posesivo + roots in.* tener sus orígenes = be rooted in.* término de origen = referred-from term.* vender en el extranjero a precios inferiores que en el país de origen = dump.* * *a) ( principio) origin; (de palabra, tradición) originen su origen — originally, in the beginning
aquel comentario dio origen a... — that remark gave rise to o caused...
b) ( procedencia) originc) (Mat) origin* * *= genesis, lineage, origin, parent, pedigree, root, source, provenance, strain, root cause.Ex: The genesis of this brave new world of solid state logic, in which bibliographic data are reduced to phantasmagoria on the faces of cathode-ray tubes (CRT), extends at most only three-quarters of a decade into the dim past.
Ex: The lineage of PRECIS indexing: PRECIS indexing has roots in faceted classification.Ex: These rules have their origins in a report by the American Library Association.Ex: Most bibliographic databases evolved from a parent abstracting or indexing publication.Ex: The term 'false drops' which is encountered in other aspects of information retrieval can trace its pedigree to edge notch cards.Ex: However, many indexing systems have evolved over the last century, and have their roots in a time when detailed specification of subjects was unnecessary.Ex: The network is fairly well developed and lobbying initiatives on policies affecting all or a group of local authorities have stemmed from this source.Ex: This article redefines the archival principle of provenance as the entire history of an item's origin, its use and custody.Ex: The dynamism of a continent-wide free society drawn from many strains depended on more people having access to more knowledge to be used in more ways = El dinamismo de una sociedad continental libre compuesta de muchas razas dependía de que un mayor número de personas tuviera acceso a un mayor conocimiento para que se utilizara de más formas diferentes.Ex: This article highlights the root causes of nativism against both immigrants and U.S. immigration policy arising from increasing legal and illegal immigration.* álbum de orígenes = studbook.* americano de origen asiático = Asian American.* americano de origen mejicano = Mexican American.* artículo origen = parent article.* atribuir su origen a = trace to, trace back to.* buscar el origen de = trace + the origin of.* buscar el origen de la relación entre = trace + the relationship between.* cuyo origen es determinable = retraceable, traceable.* cuyo origen es ilocalizable = irretraceable.* cuyo origen es localizable = traceable, retraceable.* cuyo origen is indeterminable = irretraceable.* dar origen = mother.* dar origen a = give + rise to, bring about, lead to, give + cause to, give + occasion to.* de origen + Adjetivo = Adjetivo + in origin.* de origen determinable = retraceable, traceable.* de origen humilde = of low descent.* de origen ilocalizable = irretraceable.* de origen indeterminable = irretraceable.* de origen localizable = traceable, retraceable.* desde su origen = from + its/their + inception, since + its/their + inception.* el dinero es el origen de todos los males = money is the root of all evil.* en el origen (de) = in the early days (of).* en sus orígenes = originally.* establecer el origen de = trace + the origin of.* libro de orígenes = studbook.* los orígenes de = the dawn of.* lugar de origen = locality of origin.* nacionalidad de origen = nationality of origin.* Origen de las Especies, el = Origin of Species, the.* origen de todos males, el = root of all evil, the.* orígenes = ascendancy.* orígenes + encontrarse = origins + lie.* origen étnico = ethnic origin, ethnicity, ethnic background.* origen geográfico = geographical origin.* origen geológico = geological origin.* origen nacional = national origin.* origen + remontarse a = trace + ascendancy.* país de origen = country of origin, national origin, home country.* ser de origen + Adjetivo = be + Adjetivo + in origin.* ser el origen de = provide + the material for.* tener su origen = hark(en) back to, hearken back to.* tener su origen en = trace to, trace back to, have + Posesivo + roots in.* tener sus orígenes = be rooted in.* término de origen = referred-from term.* vender en el extranjero a precios inferiores que en el país de origen = dump.* * *1 (del universo, de la vida) origin; (de una palabra, una tradición) originesta costumbre tiene su origen en un antiguo rito pagano this custom has its origin in an ancient pagan rite, this custom derives from an ancient pagan ritela cocina vasca desde sus orígenes hasta la actualidad Basque cuisine from its origins to the present dayel Tratado de Versalles dio origen a la OIT the ILO came into being o was brought into being by the Treaty of Versaillesaquel comentario dio origen a un gran escándalo that remark gave rise to o caused a great scandallos orígenes de la guerra the origins o causes of the war2 (de un producto — establecimiento) point of origin; (— país) country of originembotellado en origen estate-bottledes español de origen he is Spanish by birthde origen holandés of Dutch origin o extractionde origen humilde of humble origin(s)mejillones envasados en origen mussels canned at point of origin3 ( Mat) origin* * *
origen sustantivo masculino
origin;
dar origen a algo to give rise to sth;
país de origen country of origin;
de origen humilde of humble origin(s)
origen sustantivo masculino
1 (comienzo) origin: dio una charla sobre el origen del universo, he gave a talk on the origin of the universe
2 (causa) cause: el origen de su tristeza es la muerte de su amigo, his sadness is due to his friend's death
3 (ascendencia, procedencia) origin: su madre es inglesa de origen, her mother is English by birth
♦ Locuciones: dar origen a, to give rise to: su actitud dio origen a un malentendido, his attitude gave rise to a misunderstanding
denominación de origen, guarantee of origin and quality
' origen' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
denominación
- derivarse
- doblete
- emanar
- ser
- extracción
- fuente
- germen
- hipótesis
- madre
- milenaria
- milenario
- nacimiento
- principio
- semilla
- tierra
- ascendencia
- de
- país
- procedencia
English:
background
- be
- beginning
- birth
- date
- descent
- ethnicity
- fountainhead
- from
- get at
- home
- homeland
- origin
- originate
- out of
- provenance
- root
- source
- speculate
- start out
- trace back
- African-American
- derive
- rise
* * *origen nm1. [principio] origin;en su origen originally;dar origen a to give rise to;sus palabras han dado origen a especulaciones her statements have given rise to o caused speculation;esta idea dio origen a la actual empresa this idea was the origin of the company as it is today;desde sus orígenes from its origins;tener su origen en [lugar] to have one's origins in, to originate in;esta leyenda tiene su origen en un hecho histórico this legend has its origins in historical fact;tiene su origen en el siglo XIX it originated in the 19th century2. [ascendencia] origins, birth;Alicia es colombiana de origen Alicia is Colombian by birth;de origen humilde of humble origin3. [causa] cause;el origen del problema the cause o source of the problem4. [de un producto] origin;los aceites de origen español oils from Spain;agua mineral envasada en origen mineral water bottled at source5. Mat origin* * *m origin;ser de origen … be of … origin o extraction;tener su origen en have its origin in;dar origen a give rise to* * *1) : origin2) : lineage, birth3)dar origen a : to give rise to4)en su origen : originally* * *origen n1. (en general) origin2. (causa) cause -
8 Towns and cities
Occasionally the gender of a town is clear because the name includes the definite article, e.g. Le Havre or La Rochelle. In most other cases, there is some hesitation, and it is always safer to avoid the problem by using la ville de:Toulouse is beautiful= la ville de Toulouse est belleIn, to and from somewhereFor in and to with the name of a town, use à in French ; if the French name includes the definite article, à will become au, à la, à l’ or aux:to live in Toulouse= vivre à Toulouseto go to Toulouse= aller à Toulouseto live in Le Havre= vivre au Havreto go to Le Havre= aller au Havreto live in La Rochelle= vivre à La Rochelleto go to La Rochelle= aller à La Rochelleto live in Les Arcs= vivre aux Arcsto go to Les Arcs= aller aux ArcsSimilarly, from is de, becoming du, de la, de l’ or des when it combines with the definite article in town names:to come from Toulouse= venir de Toulouseto come from Le Havre= venir du Havreto come from La Rochelle= venir de La Rochelleto come from Les Arcs= venir des ArcsBelonging to a town or cityEnglish sometimes has specific words for people of a certain city or town, such as Londoners, New Yorkers or Parisians, but mostly we talk of the people of Leeds or the inhabitants of San Francisco. On the other hand, most towns in French-speaking countries have a corresponding adjective and noun, and a list of the best-known of these is given at the end of this note.The noun forms, spelt with a capital letter, mean a person from X:the inhabitants of Bordeaux= les Bordelais mplthe people of Strasbourg= les Strasbourgeois mplThe adjective forms, spelt with a small letter, are often used where in English the town name is used as an adjective:Paris shops= les magasins parisiensHowever, some of these French words are fairly rare, and it is always safe to say les habitants de X, or, for the adjective, simply de X. Here are examples of this, using some of the nouns that commonly combine with the names of towns:a Bordeaux accent= un accent de BordeauxToulouse airport= l’aéroport de Toulousethe La Rochelle area= la région de La RochelleLimoges buses= les autobus de Limogesthe Le Havre City Council= le conseil municipal du HavreLille representatives= les représentants de LilleLes Arcs restaurants= les restaurants des Arcsthe Geneva road= la route de GenèveBrussels streets= les rues de Bruxellesthe Angers team= l’équipe d’Angersthe Avignon train= le train d’Avignonbut noteOrleans traffic= la circulation à OrléansNames of cities and towns in French-speaking countries and their adjectivesRemember that when these adjectives are used as nouns, meaning a person from X or the people of X, they are spelt with capital letters.Aix-en-Provence = aixois(e)Alger = algérois(e)Angers = angevin(e)Arles = arlésien(ne)Auxerre = auxerrois(e)Avignon = avignonnais(e)Bastia = bastiais(e)Bayonne = bayonnais(e)Belfort = belfortain(e)Berne = bernois(e)Besançon = bisontin(e)Béziers = biterrois(e)Biarritz = biarrot(e)Bordeaux = bordelais(e)Boulogne-sur-Mer = boulonnais(e)Bourges = berruyer(-ère)Brest = brestois(e)Bruges = brugeois(e)Bruxelles = bruxellois(e)Calais = calaisien(ne)Cannes = cannais(e)Carcassonne = carcassonnais(e)Chambéry = chambérien(ne)Chamonix = chamoniard(e)Clermont-Ferrand = clermontois(e)Die = diois(e)Dieppe = dieppois(e)Dijon = dijonnais(e)Dunkerque = dunkerquois(e)Fontainebleau = bellifontain(e)Gap = gapençais(e)Genève = genevois(e)Grenoble = grenoblois(e)Havre, Le = havrais(e)Lens = lensois(e)Liège = liégeois(e)Lille = lillois(e)Lourdes = lourdais(e)Luxembourg = luxembourgeois(e)Lyon = lyonnais(e)Mâcon = mâconnais(e)Marseille = marseillais(e) or phocéen(ne)Metz = messin(e)Modane = modanais(e)Montpellier = montpelliérain(e)Montréal = montréalais(e)Moulins = moulinois(e)Mulhouse = mulhousien(ne)Nancy = nancéien(ne)Nantes = nantais(e)Narbonne = narbonnais(e)Nevers = nivernais(e)Nice = niçois(e)Nîmes = nîmois(e)Orléans = orléanais(e)Paris = parisien(ne)Pau = palois(e)Périgueux = périgourdin(e)Perpignan = perpignanais(e)Poitiers = poitevin(e)Pont-à-Mousson = mussipontain(e)Québec = québécois(e)Reims = rémois(e)Rennes = rennais(e)Roanne = roannais(e)Rouen = rouennais(e)Saint-Étienne = stéphanois(e)Saint-Malo = malouin(e)Saint-Tropez = tropézien(ne)Sancerre = sancerrois(e)Sète = sétois(e)Sochaux = sochalien(ne)Strasbourg = strasbourgeois(e)Tarascon = tarasconnais(e)Tarbes = tarbais(e)Toulon = toulonnais(e)Toulouse = toulousain(e)Tours = tourangeau(-elle)Tunis = tunisois(e)Valence = valentinois(e)Valenciennes = valenciennois(e)Versailles = versaillais(e)Vichy = vichyssois(e) -
9 pequeño
adj.1 little, minute, short, small.2 small, slight, minor, little.3 small, little.4 small, undersize.m.child, little boy, boy, little one.* * *► adjetivo1 (de tamaño) little, small2 (de edad) young3 (en tiempo) short► nombre masculino,nombre femenino1 (niño) little one\de pequeño,-a as a childser el pequeño/la pequeña to be the youngest* * *(f. - pequeña)adj.1) small2) little3) young4) short* * *pequeño, -a1.ADJ small, little; [cifra] small, low; (=bajo) shortcuando era pequeño, de pequeño — when I was a child, when I was little
2.SM / F childlos pequeños — the children, the little ones
* * *I- ña adjetivoa) ( de tamaño) smallb) ( de edad) young, smallmi hermano pequeño — my younger o little brother
de pequeño or cuando era pequeño — when I was small o little
c) ( de poca importancia) < distancia> short; < retraso> short, slight; < cantidad> small; < esfuerzo> slightIIun pequeño problema — a slight o small problem
- ña masculino, femenino ( tamaño) little one (colloq); ( edad - de dos) younger (- de muchos) youngestes el pequeño de la familia/de la clase — he's the baby of the family/the youngest in the class
* * *= small [smaller -comp., smallest -sup.], slight [sligther -comp., slightest -sup.], slim [slimmer -comp., slimmest -sup.], little [little -comp., littlest -sup.], small scale [small-scale], skimpy [skimpier -comp., skimpiest -sup.].Ex. The small extract from the index to BNB in figure 2.1 demonstrates some of the features of index entries generated according to PRECIS indexing.Ex. The ISBD(CP)'s recommendations are very similar in principle to those for AACR2's 'in' analytics, except for slight changes in punctuation and order.Ex. Abstracting journals vary enormously in scope ranging from vast publications covering an entire discipline, to slim volumes centred on a relatively narrow topic.Ex. To introduce a little vulgarity, it would be absolutely hell on browsers were all the works by Agatha Christie or Dorothy Sayers or Dashiell Hammett or you name it, entered individually by their title.Ex. While similar systems have been developed on an experimental basis in the past, these have usually been restricted to small scale collections.Ex. Wimbledon organisers have imposed a ban on skimpy tennis outfits ahead of this year's tournament.----* a pequeña escala = in a small way, small scale [small-scale].* con pequeños matices = nuanced.* dinero para pequeños gastos = out of pocket allowance.* escuela de pequeños = infant school.* finca pequeña = croft.* grandes robles nacen de pequeñas bellotas = great oaks from little acorns grow.* grandes y pequeños = great and small.* granja pequeña = croft.* hacer parecer pequeño = dwarf.* hacer pequeños ajustes = tinker + around the edges, tinker with.* hermana pequeña = baby sister.* hermanita pequeña = baby sister.* hermanito pequeño = baby brother.* hermano pequeño = baby brother.* impresor de pequeños trabajos = jobbing house.* IPE (Integración a Pequeña Escala) = SSI (Small Scale Integration).* la clave está en la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* las triquiñuelas de la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* lo bueno viene en frascos pequeños = small is beautiful.* los detalles de la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* los pormenores de la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* más bien pequeño = smallish.* niño pequeño = toddler, little child.* pequeña = petite.* pequeña empresa = small business.* pequeña nobleza, la = gentry, the.* pequeñas modificaciones = tinkering.* pequeño agricultor = smallholder.* pequeño comercio = retailer, retail store, retail shop.* pequeño empresario = small business owner.* pequeño negocio = small business.* pequeño propietario de tierras = yeoman farmer.* pequeños ajustes = tinkering.* pequeños detalles = minutiae, petty details.* pez pequeño = bait fish.* presupuesto cada vez más pequeño = shrinking budget.* PYME (Pequeña y Mediana Empresa) = SME (Small and Medium Sized Enterprise).* terreno cultivable pequeño = croft.* una pequeña minoría de = a marginal fringe of.* un pequeño puntito = just a little dot.* * *I- ña adjetivoa) ( de tamaño) smallb) ( de edad) young, smallmi hermano pequeño — my younger o little brother
de pequeño or cuando era pequeño — when I was small o little
c) ( de poca importancia) < distancia> short; < retraso> short, slight; < cantidad> small; < esfuerzo> slightIIun pequeño problema — a slight o small problem
- ña masculino, femenino ( tamaño) little one (colloq); ( edad - de dos) younger (- de muchos) youngestes el pequeño de la familia/de la clase — he's the baby of the family/the youngest in the class
* * *= small [smaller -comp., smallest -sup.], slight [sligther -comp., slightest -sup.], slim [slimmer -comp., slimmest -sup.], little [little -comp., littlest -sup.], small scale [small-scale], skimpy [skimpier -comp., skimpiest -sup.].Ex: The small extract from the index to BNB in figure 2.1 demonstrates some of the features of index entries generated according to PRECIS indexing.
Ex: The ISBD(CP)'s recommendations are very similar in principle to those for AACR2's 'in' analytics, except for slight changes in punctuation and order.Ex: Abstracting journals vary enormously in scope ranging from vast publications covering an entire discipline, to slim volumes centred on a relatively narrow topic.Ex: To introduce a little vulgarity, it would be absolutely hell on browsers were all the works by Agatha Christie or Dorothy Sayers or Dashiell Hammett or you name it, entered individually by their title.Ex: While similar systems have been developed on an experimental basis in the past, these have usually been restricted to small scale collections.Ex: Wimbledon organisers have imposed a ban on skimpy tennis outfits ahead of this year's tournament.* a pequeña escala = in a small way, small scale [small-scale].* con pequeños matices = nuanced.* dinero para pequeños gastos = out of pocket allowance.* escuela de pequeños = infant school.* finca pequeña = croft.* grandes robles nacen de pequeñas bellotas = great oaks from little acorns grow.* grandes y pequeños = great and small.* granja pequeña = croft.* hacer parecer pequeño = dwarf.* hacer pequeños ajustes = tinker + around the edges, tinker with.* hermana pequeña = baby sister.* hermanita pequeña = baby sister.* hermanito pequeño = baby brother.* hermano pequeño = baby brother.* impresor de pequeños trabajos = jobbing house.* IPE (Integración a Pequeña Escala) = SSI (Small Scale Integration).* la clave está en la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* las triquiñuelas de la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* lo bueno viene en frascos pequeños = small is beautiful.* los detalles de la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* los pormenores de la letra pequeña = the devil (is/lives) in the details.* más bien pequeño = smallish.* niño pequeño = toddler, little child.* pequeña = petite.* pequeña empresa = small business.* pequeña nobleza, la = gentry, the.* pequeñas modificaciones = tinkering.* pequeño agricultor = smallholder.* pequeño comercio = retailer, retail store, retail shop.* pequeño empresario = small business owner.* pequeño negocio = small business.* pequeño propietario de tierras = yeoman farmer.* pequeños ajustes = tinkering.* pequeños detalles = minutiae, petty details.* pez pequeño = bait fish.* presupuesto cada vez más pequeño = shrinking budget.* PYME (Pequeña y Mediana Empresa) = SME (Small and Medium Sized Enterprise).* terreno cultivable pequeño = croft.* una pequeña minoría de = a marginal fringe of.* un pequeño puntito = just a little dot.* * *1 (de tamaño) smallun paquete pequeño a small packageun país pequeño pero poderoso a small but powerful countryuna casa pequeñita a small o little housese me ha quedado pequeño it's too small for me nowen pequeño in miniature2 (de edad) young, smallde pequeñoor cuando era pequeño when I was small o young o little3 (de poca importancia) ‹distancia› short; ‹retraso› short, slight; ‹cantidad› small; ‹esfuerzo› slighttienen sus pequeñas diferencias they have their little differencestuvimos un pequeño problema we had a slight problem o a small problem o a bit of a problemCompuestos:feminine petite bourgeoisiefeminine small businessla pequeñoa pantalla the small screen ( colloq), television● pequeño comerciante, pequeña comerciante( masculine) small businessperson, small businessman; ( feminine) small businessperson, small businesswomanmasculine, femininelittle one ( colloq)voy a acostar al pequeño I'm going to put the little one o the baby to bedes el pequeño de la familia/de la clase he's the baby of the family/the youngest in the class* * *
pequeño◊ -ña adjetivo
en pequeño in miniature
◊ mi hermano pequeño my younger o little brother;
cuando era pequeño when I was small o little
‹ retraso› short, slight;
‹ cantidad› small;
‹ esfuerzo› slight;
‹problema/diferencia› slight, small
■ sustantivo masculino, femenino:◊ el pequeño/la pequeña the little one (colloq);
( edad — de dos) the younger;
(— de muchos) the youngest
pequeño,-a
I adjetivo
1 (de tamaño) small, little
2 (de estatura) short
3 (de edad) little, young
4 (en importancia) small, slight: tenemos un pequeño inconveniente, we have a slight objection
II m,f (de poca edad) child, kid
Small describe de forma neutral el tamaño: Es muy pequeño. It's very small. Significa lo contrario que big o large.
Little (adjetivo) expresa emociones (afecto, desprecio, etc.), además de tamaño. Significa corto en expresiones de distancia o pequeño (comparado con los demás): Dije una copa pequeña, pero no así. I said a small glass, not such a little one. Tienen una preciosa casita en el campo. They've got a pretty little house in the country (aquí, pretty no es un adverbio de intensidad, sino un adjetivo (preciosa); sin embargo, se convertiría en uno con small: pretty small, (bastante pequeño). ¡Vaya pequeñajo más asqueroso! What a nasty little boy!; pobrecito; poor little thing; a poca distancia, a little way; mi hermanita, my little sister.
' pequeño' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
babear
- buche
- calabacín
- canto
- chalet
- chorro
- comerciante
- criatura
- de
- enana
- enano
- espaciador
- estar
- inclinarse
- insignificancia
- mínima
- mínimo
- papa
- pasarela
- pequeña
- renacuajo
- rincón
- terruño
- cabina
- camarón
- camioneta
- canijo
- chico
- demasiado
- descuido
- detalle
- escuadrón
- exceptuar
- fortín
- langostino
- lapsus
- loma
- menor
- minucia
- muelle
- nene
- pataleta
- perol
- platillo
- portadocumentos
- preferencia
- reducido
- velero
English:
astonishing
- baby
- beautiful
- bit
- boat
- broadsheet
- centrally
- close-run
- compact
- compel
- cramped
- dwarf
- ferry
- flap
- floor
- footlocker
- grin
- hiccough
- hiccup
- his
- horror
- infant
- job
- jog
- least
- let out
- little
- midge
- misunderstanding
- pack in
- paving stone
- poky
- road
- sea
- set up
- small
- stocking filler
- tabloid
- telescope
- toddler
- town
- tub
- useful
- vegetable patch
- via
- village
- yacht
- low
- runt
- target
* * *pequeño, -a♦ adj1. [de tamaño] small;la casa se nos ha quedado pequeña the house is too small for us now;su jardín es un Versalles en pequeño her garden is a miniature Versaillespequeña burguesía petty bourgeoisie;pequeños comerciantes small businessmen;pequeña empresa small business;la pequeña empresa small businesses;pequeño empresario small businessman;pequeñas y medianas empresas small and medium-sized enterprises;la pequeña pantalla the small screen2. [de estatura] small;la niña está muy pequeña para su edad the girl is very small for her age3. [en cantidad] [ingresos, cifras] low4. [en intensidad] [dolor] slight;[explosión] small; [problema] small, slight; [posibilidad] slight;de pequeña importancia of little importance5. [en duración] [discurso, texto] short6. [hermano] little♦ nm,f[niño] little one;de pequeño as a child;el pequeño, la pequeña [benjamín] the youngest, the baby* * *I adj small, little;de pequeño when I was small o little;en pequeño in miniatureII m, pequeña f little one* * *pequeño, -ña adj1) : small, littleun libro pequeño: a small book2) : young3) bajo: shortpequeño, -ña n: child, little one* * *pequeño1 adj1. (en general) small2. (de estatura) short / smallpara su edad, este niño es muy pequeño this boy's very small for his age3. (en importancia) slight / minor4. (de edad) little / young5. (en tiempo, distancia) shortpequeño2 n childel pequeño the youngest / the little one -
10 Boulle, André-Charles
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]b. 11 November 1642 Paris, Franced. 29 February 1732 Paris, France[br]French cabinet-maker noted for his elaborate designs and high-quality technique in marquetry using brass and tortoiseshell.[br]As with the Renaissance artists and architects of fifteenth-and sixteenth-century Italy, Boulle worked as a young man in varied media, as a painter, engraver and metalworker an in mosaic techniques. It was in the 1660s that he turned more specifically to furniture and in the following decade, under the patronage of Louis XIV, that he became a leading ébéniste or cabinet-maker, In 1672 the King's Controller-General, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, recommended Boulle as an outstanding cabinet-maker and he was appointed ébéniste du roi. From then he spent the rest of his life working in the royal palaces, notably the Louvre and Versailles, and also carried out commissions for the French aristocracy and from abroad, particularly Spain and Germany.Before the advent of Boulle, the quality furniture made for the French court and aristocracy had come from foreign craftsmen, particularly Domenico Cucci of Italy and Pierre Colle of the Low Countries. Boulle made his name as their equal in his development of new forms of furniture such as his bureaux and commodes, the immense variety of his designs and their architectural quality, the beauty of his sculptural, gilded mounts, and the development of his elaborate marquetry. He was a leading exponent of the contemporary styles, which meant the elaborately rich baroque forms in the time of Louis XIV and the more delicate rococo elegance in that of Louis XV. The technique to which Boulle gave his name (sometimes referred to in its German spelling of Bühl) incorporated a rich variety of veneering materials into his designs: in particular, he used tortoiseshell and brass with ebony. Even greater richness was created with the introduction of an engraved design upon the brass surfaces. Further delicate elaboration derived from the use of paired panels of decoration to be used in reverse form in one piece, or two matching pieces, of furniture. In one panel, designated as première partie, the marquetry took the form of brass upon tortoiseshell, while in the other (contre-partie) the tortoiseshell was set into the brass background.[br]Further ReadingJ.Fleming and H.Honour, 1977, The Penguin Dictionary of Decorative Arts: Allen Lane, pp. 107–9.1982, The History of Furniture: Orbis (contains many references to Boulle).DY -
11 Messerschmitt, Willi E.
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 26 June 1898 Frankfurt-am-Main, Germanyd. 17 September 1978 Munich, Germany[br]German aircraft designer noted for successful fighters such as the Bf 109, one of the world's most widely produced aircraft.[br]Messerschmitt studied engineering at the Munich Institute of Tchnology and obtained his degree in 1923. By 1926 he was Chief Designer at the Bayerische Flugzeugwerke in Augsburg. Due to the ban on military aircraft in Germany following the First World War, his early designs included gliders, light aircraft, and a series of high-wing airliners. He began to make a major impact on German aircraft design once Hitler came to power and threw off the shackles of the Treaty of Versailles, which so restricted Germany's armed forces. In 1932 he bought out the now-bankrupt Bayerische Flugzeugwerke, but initially, because of enmity between himself and the German aviation minister, was not invited to compete for an air force contract for a single-engined fighter. However, in 1934 Messerschmitt designed the Bf 108 Taifun, a small civil aircraft with a fighter-like appearance. This displayed the quality of his design and the German air ministry was forced to recognize him. As a result, he unveiled the famous Bf 109 fighter which first flew in August 1935; it was used during the Spanish Civil War in 1936–9, and was to become one of the foremost combat aircraft of the Second World War. In 1938, after several name changes, the company became Messerschmitt Aktien-Gesellschaft (and hence a change of prefix from Bf to Me). During April 1939 a Messerschmitt aircraft broke the world air-speed record at 755.14 km/h (469.32 mph): it was entered in the FAI records as a Bf 109R, but was more accurately a new design designated Me 209V-1.During the Second World War, the 5/70P was progressively improved, and eventually almost 35,000 were built. Other successful fighters followed, such as the twin-engined Me 110 which also served as a bomber and night fighter. The Messerschmitt Me 262 twin-engined jet fighter, the first jet aircraft in the world to enter service, flew during the early years of the war, but it was never given a high priority by the High Command and only a small number were in service when the war ended. Another revolutionary Messerschmitt AG design was the Me 163 Komet, the concept of Professor Alexander Lippisch who had joined Messerschmitt's company in 1939; this was the first rocket-propelled fighter to enter service. It was a small tailless design capable of 880 km/hr (550 mph), but its duration under power was only about 10 minutes and it was very dangerous to fly. From late 1944 onwards it was used to intercept the United States Air Force bombers during their daylight raids. At the other end of the scale, Messerschmitt produced the Me 321 Gigant, a huge transport glider which was towed behind a flight of three Me 110s. Later it was equipped with six engines, but it was an easy target for allied fighters. This was a costly white elephant, as was his high-speed twin-engined Me 210 fighter-bomber project which nearly made his company bankrupt. Nevertheless, he was certainly an innovator and was much admired by Hitler, who declared that he had "the skull of a genius", because of the Me 163 Komet rocket-powered fighter and the Me 262.At the end of the war Messerschmitt was detained by the Americans for two years. In 1952 Messerschmitt became an aviation adviser to the Spanish government, and his Bf109 was produced in Spain as the Hispano Buchon for a number of years and was powered by Rolls-Royce Merlin engines. A factory was also constructed in Egypt to produce aircraft to Messerschmitt's designs. His German company, banned from building aircraft, produced prefabricated houses, sewing machines and, from 1953 to 1962, a series of bubble-cars: the KR 175 (1953–55) and the KR 200 (1955–62) were single-cylinder three-wheeled bubble-cars, and the Tiger (1958–62) was a twin-cylinder, 500cc four-wheeler. In 1958 Messerschmitt resumed aircraft construction in Germany and later became the Honorary Chairman of the merged Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm company (now part of the Franco-German Eurocopter company).[br]Further Readingvan Ishoven, 1975, Messerschmitt. Aircraft Designer, London. J.Richard Smith, 1971, Messerschmitt. An Air-craft Album, London.Anthony Pritchard, 1975, Messerschmitt, London (describes Messerschmitt aircraft).JDS / CMBiographical history of technology > Messerschmitt, Willi E.
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12 Riquet, Pierre Paul
[br]b. 29 June 1604 Béziers, Hérault, Franced. 1 October 1680 buried at Toulouse, France[br]French canal engineer and constructor of the Canal du Midi.[br]Pierre Paul Riquet was the son of a wealthy lawyer whose ancestors came from Italy. In his education at the Jesuit College in Béziers he showed obvious natural ability in science and mathematics, but he received no formal engineering training. With his own and his wife's fortunes he was able to purchase a château at Verfeil, near Toulouse. In 1630 he was appointed a collector of the salt tax in Languedoc and in a short time became Lessee General (Fermier Général) of this tax for the whole province. This entailed constant travel through the district, with the result that he became very familiar with this part of the country. He also became involved in military contracting. He acquired a vast fortune out of both activities. At this time he pondered the possibility of building a canal from Toulouse to the Mediterranean beyond Béziers and, after further investigation as to possible water supplies, he wrote to Colbert in Paris on 16 November 1662 advocating the construction of the canal. Although the idea proved acceptable it was not until 27 May 1665 that Riquet was authorized to direct operations, and on 14 October 1666 he was given authority to construct the first part of the canal, from Toulouse to Trebes. Work started on 1 January 1667. By 1669 he had between 7,000 and 8,000 men employed on the work. Unhappily, Riquet died just over six months before the canal was completed, the official opening beingon 15 May 1681.Although Riquet's fame rightly rests on the Canal du Midi, probably the greatest work of its time in Europe, he was also consulted about and was responsible for other projects. He built an aqueduct on more than 100 arches to lead water into the grounds of the château of his friend the marquis de Castres. The plans for this work, which involved considerable practical difficulties, were finalized in 1670, and water flowed into the château grounds in 1676. Also in 1676, Riquet was commissioned to lead the waters of the river Ourcq into Paris; he drew up plans, but he was too busy to undertake the construction and on his death the work was shelved until Napoleon's time. He was responsible for the creation of the port of Sète on the Mediterranean at the end of the Canal du Midi. He was also consulted on the supply of water to the Palace of Versailles and on a proposed route which later became the Canal de Bourgogne. Riquet was a very remarkable man: when he started the construction of the canal he was well over 60 years old, an age at which most people are retiring, and lived almost to its completion.[br]Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt, 1973, From Sea to Sea, London: Allen Lane; rev. ed. 1994, Bridgwater: Internet Ltd.Jean-Denis Bergasse, 1982–7, Le Canal de Midi, 4 vols, Hérault:—Vol. I: Pierre Paul Riquet et le Canal du Midi dans les arts et la littérature; Vol II: Trois Siècles debatellerie et de voyage; Vol. III: Des Siècles d'aventures humaine; Vol. IV: Grands Moments et grands sites.JHB -
13 Equestrianism
Equestrianism or Equitation has an ancient tradition in Portugal. Although today this sport of horseback riding, which is related to the art and science of horse breeding, is a peaceful activity, for centuries Portugal's use of the horse in cavalry was closely associated with war. Beginning in the 18th century, the activity became connected to bull- fighting. In war, the Portuguese used horse cavalry longer than most other European nations. While most armies gave up the horse for mechanized cavalry or tanks after World War I, Portugal was reluctant to change this tradition. Oddly, Portugal used a specialized form of cavalry in combat as late as 1969-1971, in Angola, a colony of Portugal until 1975. Portugal's army in Angola, engaged in a war with Angolan nationalist forces, employed the so-called "Dragoons," a specialized cavalry in rural areas, until 1971, a case perhaps of the last use of cavalry in modern warfare.Soccer, or futebol, is Portugal's favorite mass sport today, but equestrianism retains a special place in sports as a now democratized, if somewhat elite, sport for both Portuguese and visiting foreign riders. As of 1900, equestrianism was still the sport of royalty and aristocracy, but in the 21st century persons from all classes and groups enjoy it. The sport now features the unique Lusitano breed of horse, which evolved from earlier breeds of Iberian ponies and horses. Touring equestrianism recently has become an activity of niche tourism, and it is complemented by international competitive riding. Following the early 20th century, when the Olympics were revived, Portuguese competitors have excelled not only in sailing, field hockey on roller-skates, rowing, and marksmanship, but also in equestrianism. Notable Portuguese riders were medal winners in summer Olympics such as those of 1948 and 1988. This sport is engaged in primarily if not exclusively in regions with a history of horse breeding, riding, and cattle herding, in Ribatejo and Alentejo provinces, and has featured career military participants.Portuguese equestrianism, including the use of horses in bull-fighting, hunting, and other forms of sport, as well as in horse cavalry in war, was long associated with the lifestyles of royalty and the nobility. The use of traditional, Baroque riding gear and garb in competitive riding, instruction, and bull-fighting reflects such a tradition. Riders in bull-fighting or in exhibitions wear 18th-century male costumes that include a tricornered hat, long frock coats, breeches, stockings, and buckled shoes. The Ribatejo "cowboy" or riding herder wears the regional costume of a green and red cap, red tunic, white breeches and stockings, Portuguese bridles, and chaps sometimes made of olive leaves.Although their prestigious classical riding academy remains less well known than the famous Spanish Riding School of Vienna, Portugal has preserved the ancient tradition of a classical riding school in its Royal School of Portuguese Equestrian Arts, at Queluz, not far from the National Palace of Queluz, a miniature Portuguese Versailles, with a hall of mirrors, tiled garden, and canal. One of the great riding masters and trainers was the late Nuno Oliveira (1925-89), whose work generated a worldwide network of students and followers and who published classic riding manuals. Oliveira's widely admired method of instruction was to bring about a perfect harmony of action between horse and rider, an inspiration to new generations of riders. -
14 Lesseps, Ferdinand de
SUBJECT AREA: Canals[br]b. 19 November 1805 Versailles, Franced. 7 December 1894 La Chesnaye, near Paris, France[br]French diplomat and canal entrepreneur.[br]Ferdinand de Lesseps was born into a family in the diplomatic service and it was intended that his should be his career also. He was educated at the Lycée Napoléon in Paris. In 1825, aged 20, he was appointed an attaché to the French consulate in Lisbon. In 1828 he went to the Consulate-General in Tunis and in 1831 was posted from there to Egypt, becoming French Consul in Cairo two years later. For his work there during the plague in 1836 he was awarded the Croix de Chevalier in the Légion d'honneur. During this time he became very friendly with Said Mohammed and the friendship was maintained over the years, although there were no expectations then that Said would occupy any great position of authority.De Lesseps then served in other countries. In 1841 he had thought about a canal from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea, and he brooded over the idea until 1854. In October of that year, having retired from the diplomatic service, he returned to Egypt privately. His friend Said became Viceroy and he readily agreed to the proposal to cut the canal. At first there was great international opposition to the idea, and in 1855 de Lesseps travelled to England to try to raise capital. Work finally started in 1859, but there were further delays following the death of Said Pasha in 1863. The work was completed in 1869 and the canal was formally opened by the Empress Eugenic on 20 November 1869. De Lesseps was fêted in France and awarded the Grand Croix de la Légion d'honneur.He subsequently promoted the project of the Corinth Canal, but his great ambition in his later years was to construct a canal across the Isthmus of Panama. This idea had been conceived by Spanish adventurers in 1514, but everyone felt the problems and cost would be too great. De Lesseps, riding high in popularity and with his charismatic character, convinced the public of the scheme's feasibility and was able to raise vast sums for the enterprise. He proposed a sea-level canal, which required the excavation of a 350 ft (107 m) cut through terrain; this eventually proved impossible, but work nevertheless started in 1881.In 1882 de Lesseps became first President d'-Honneur of the Syndicat des Entrepreneurs de Travaux Publics de France and was elected to the Chair of the French Academy in 1884. By 1891 the Panama Canal was in a disastrous financial crisis: a new company was formed, and because of the vast sums expended a financial investigation was made. The report led to de Lesseps, his son and several high-ranking government ministers and officials being charged with bribery and corruption, but de Lesseps was a very sick man and never appeared at the trial. He was never convicted, although others were, and he died soon after, at the age of 89, at his home.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsCroix de Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur 1836; Grand Croix 1869.Further ReadingJohn S.Pudney, 1968, Suez. De Lesseps' Canal, London: Dent.John Marlowe, 1964, The Making of the Suez Canal, London: Cresset.JHB -
15 état
état [eta]1. masculine nouna. [de personne] state• en état d'ivresse or d'ébriété under the influence of alcohol• il ne faut pas te mettre des états pareils ! you mustn't get yourself into such a stateb. [d'objet, article d'occasion] condition• en bon/mauvais état in good/bad conditionc. [de chose abstraite, substance] state• état liquide/solide liquid/solid statee. ( = registre, comptes) statement ; ( = inventaire) inventoryf. (locutions) faire état de [+ ses services] to instance ; [+ craintes, intentions] to state ; [+ conversation, rumeur] to report2. compounds• (le bureau de) l'état civil the registry office (Brit), the Public Records Office (US) ► état de crise state of crisis* * *etanom masculin1) ( nation) state, State2) ( gouvernement) state, government3) ( territoire autonome) state•Phrasal Verbs:* * *eta nmPOLITIQUE state* * *A nm1 ( condition physique) condition; l'état du malade s'améliore the patient's condition is improving; être dans un état stationnaire to be in a stable condition; en bon état général in good overall condition; être en état de faire qch to be in a fit state to do sth; ne pas être en état de faire, être hors d'état de faire to be in no condition ou in no fit state to do; mettre qn hors d'état de faire qch to render sb incapable of doing sth; mettre qn hors d'état de nuire ( légalement) to put sb out of harm's way; ( physiquement) to incapacitate sb; leur état de santé est excellent their (state of) health is excellent; être dans un triste état○/en piteux état○ to be in a sorry/pitiful state; tu es dans un bel état! iron you're in a fine state!;2 ( condition psychique) state; être dans un état d'inquiétude terrible to be in a terrible state of anxiety; être dans un état d'énervement extrême to be in a state of extreme irritation; elle n'est pas en état de le revoir she's in no state to see him again; je suis hors d'état de réfléchir I'm incapable of thinking, I'm in no state to think; être dans un drôle d'état○ to be in a hell of a state○; ne pas être dans son état normal not to be oneself; ne te mets pas dans des états pareils! don't get into such a state!, don't get so worked up○!; être dans un état second to be in a trance;3 (de voiture, livre, tapis) condition; l'état de conservation d'un livre the condition of a book; l'état des routes ( conditions climatiques) road conditions; ( qualité) the state of the roads; en bon/mauvais état [maison, cœur, foie] in good/poor condition; avoir les dents en mauvais état to have bad teeth; l'état de délabrement d'une maison the dilapidated state of a house; l'état de conservation d'une momie égyptienne the state of preservation of an Egyptian mummy; vérifier l'état de qch to check sth; mettre/maintenir qch en état to put/keep sth in working order; hors d'état de marche [voiture] off the road, not running; [appareil] out of order; remettre qch en état to mend ou repair sth; remettre une maison en état to do up a house; la remise en état d'un réseau routier/de voiture the repair of a road network/car; vous devez rendre la maison en l'état lors de votre départ you must leave the house as you found it; les choses sont restées en l'état depuis leur départ nothing has been changed since they left; j'ai laissé les choses en l'état I left everything as it was; à l'état brut [huile, pétrole] in its raw state; [action, idée] in its initial stages; un temple à l'état de ruines a temple in a state of ruin; voiture/bicyclette/ordinateur à l'état neuf car/bicycle/computer as good as new; beauté à l'état pur unadulterated beauty; une voiture en état de rouler a roadworthy car; un bateau en état de naviguer a seaworthy ship;4 (d'affaires, économie, de finances, pays) state; l'état de l'environnement/d'une entreprise the state of the environment/a company; le pays est dans un état critique the country is in a critical state; cet état de choses ne peut plus durer this state of affairs can't go on; dans l'état actuel des choses in the present state of affairs; dans l'état actuel de la recherche médicale in the present state of medical research; l'état de tension entre le gouvernement et l'opposition the state of tension in relations between the government and the opposition; ce n'est encore qu'à l'état de projet it's still only at the planning stage;5 Sci ( de corps) state; les états de la matière the states of matter; l'état solide/liquide/gazeux the solid/liquid/gaseous state; un corps à l'état liquide/de vapeur a body in the liquid/vapourGB state; à l'état naissant [gaz] nascent; à l'état pur [élément, héroïne] in its pure state;6 ( situation sociale) state; ( métier)† trade; être boulanger de son état to be a baker by trade; ruiné, il se rappelle son ancien état now that he is bankrupt, he remembers how things used to be; choisir l'état ecclésiastique to choose holy orders; être satisfait/mécontent de son état to be satisfied/unhappy with one's lot;7 Sociol l'état civilisé the civilized state; naissance d'un nouvel état social birth of a new social order; des tribus qui vivent encore à l'état sauvage tribes still living in a primitive state;8 Compta statement; état de frais statement of expenses; état des comptes financial statements; état financier financial statement; état des ventes d'un magasin a shop's GB ou store's US sales statement;9 Jur ( statut) status; état d'épouse/d'enfant légitime/de parent status of a spouse/legitimate child/parent;10 Hist ( catégorie sociale) estate; la notion de classe a remplacé celle d'état the concept of class replaced that of estate.B faire état de loc verbale1 ( arguer) to cite [document, texte, théorie, loi]; faire état du témoignage/de l'opinion de qn pour étayer une thèse to cite sb's testimony/opinion in support of a thesis;2 ( mentionner) to mention [conversation, entretien, découverte]; ne faites pas état de cette conversation don't mention this conversation; la presse a fait état de leur conversation the press reported their conversation;4 ( se prévaloir de) to make a point of mentioning [succès, courage]; j'ai fait état de mes diplômes pour obtenir le travail I made a point of mentioning my diplomas to get the job; ils ont fait état des services qu'ils nous ont rendus they made a point of mentioning the things they had done for us in the past.état d'alerte Mil state of alert; en état d'alerte on the alert; état d'âme ( scrupule) qualm; ( sentiment) feeling; ne pas avoir d'états d'âme to have no qualms; état de choc Méd, Psych state of shock; en état de choc in a state of shock; état de choses state of affairs; état civil Admin registry office GB; ( de personne) civil status; état de conscience Psych state of consciousness; état de crise Pol, Sociol state of crisis; état d'esprit state ou frame of mind; état de fait fact; les états généraux Hist the Estates General; état de grâce Relig state of grace; en état de grâce lit in a state of grace; fig inspired; état de guerre state of war; état des lieux Jur inventory and statement of state of repair; fig appraisal; faire l'état des lieux to draw up an inventory and statement of state of repair; état de nature Sociol the state of nature; à l'état de nature in the state of nature; état de rêve dream state; état de santé state of health; état de siège state of siege; états de service service record; état d'urgence state of emergency; état de veille waking state; ⇒ tiers.être/se mettre dans tous ses états○ to be in/to get into a state○; il se met dans tous ses états pour un rien he gets all worked up○ ou he gets into a state over nothing; être réduit à l'état de loque/d'esclave to be reduced to a wreck/treated as a slave.[eta] nom masculinA.[MANIÈRE D'ÊTRE PHYSIQUE]te voilà dans un triste état! you're in a sorry ou sad state!a. [drogué] to be highb. [en transe] to be in a tranceen état de: être en état d'ivresse ou d'ébriété to be under the influence (of alcohol), to be inebriatedêtre hors d'état de, ne pas être en état de to be in no condition to ou totally unfit toa. [préventivement] to make somebody harmlessb. [après coup] to neutralize somebodyétat de santé (state of) health, conditionêtre en bon/mauvais étata. [meuble, route, véhicule] to be in good/poor conditionb. [bâtiment] to be in a good/bad state of repairc. [colis, marchandises] to be undamaged/damagedvendu à l'état neuf [dans petites annonces] as newréduit à l'état de cendres/poussière reduced to ashes/a powderquand tu seras de nouveau en état de marche (familier & humoristique) when you're back on your feet again ou back in circulationa. [appartement] to renovate, to refurbishb. [véhicule] to repairc. [pièce de moteur] to reconditionmaintenir quelque chose en état [bâtiment, bateau, voiture] to keep something in good repair3. [situation particulière - d'un développement, d'une technique] statedans l'état actuel des choses as things stand at the moment, in the present state of affairs(en) état d'alerte/d'urgence (in a) state of alarm/emergency4. CHIMIE & PHYSIQUEétat gazeux/liquide/solide gaseous/liquid/solid stateà l'état brut [pétrole] crude, unrefined, rawà l'état pur [gemme, métal] pure5. LINGUISTIQUEB.[MANIÈRE D'ÊTRE MORALE, PSYCHOLOGIQUE] stateelle n'est pas dans son état normal she's not her normal ou usual selfa. [à une personne inquiète, déprimée] don't worry!b. [à une personne énervée] don't get so worked up!état d'esprit state ou frame of minda. [d'anxiété] to be beside oneself with anxietyb. [de colère] to be beside oneself (with anger)se mettre dans tous ses états [en colère] to go off the deep end, to go spareC.[CONDITION SOCIALE]3. HISTOIREles États généraux the States ou Estates GeneralD.[DOCUMENT COMPTABLE OU LÉGAL][inventaire] inventoryl'état des dépenses/des recettes statement of expenses/takingsétat appréciatif evaluation, estimationb. [professionnellement] professional recorddresser ou faire un état des lieux2. (locution)a. [sondage, témoignages, thèse] to put forward (separable)b. [document] to refer toc. [fait] to mentiond. [soucis] to mentionétat d'âme nom masculin————————état de grâce nom masculinA consultative assembly of representatives from the three estates of the Ancien Régime: clergy, nobility and the Third Estate, or commoners. It met for the last time in May 1789 in the Jeu de Paume in Versailles, where the Third Estate vowed not to disperse until they had established a constitution. -
16 treaty
n договір, угода- alliance treaty договір про створення союзу- basic treaty основоположний договір- bilateral treaty двосторонній договір- Bilateral Investment Treaties двосторонні інвестиційні угоди- binding treaty зобов'язуючий договір- boundary treaty договір про визначення кордонів- collective treaty колективний договір- collusive treaty (with the enemy) таємна змова- commercial treaty торговий договір- comprehensive test ban treaty (CTB treaty) договір про загальну заборону випробовувань ядерної зброї- conciliation treaty договір про погоджувальну процедуру- contractual treaty договірна угода- demarcation treaty договір про демаркацію кордонів- equitable treaty рівноправний договір- executory treaty договір, який підлягає виконанню в майбутньому- formal treaty офіційний договір- inequitable treaty нерівноправний договір- international treaty міжнародний договір- multilateral balanced and fully verified treaty багатосторонній збалансований і повністю контрольований договір- multilateral treaty on arms control and disarmament багатосторонній договір про контроль над озброєннями і роззброєнням- non-discriminatory treatyb) договір, не спрямований проти третьої сторони- non-aggression treaty договір про ненапад- non-proliferation treaty договір про нерозповсюдження ядерної зброї- non-registered treaty незареєстрований договір- open treaty відкритий договір- out-of-date treaty застарілий договір- peace treaty мирний договір- political treaty політичний договір- principal treaty основний договір- restricted treaty закритий договір- secret treaty таємний договір- security treaty договір про безпеку- shipping treaty договір про судноплавство- Startegic Offensive Arms Limitation T. (SALT) Договір про обмеження стратегічних наступальних озброєнь (ОСО)- threshold treaty договір про встановлення порогової величини потужності вибуху- trade treaty торговий договір- universal treaty універсальний договір- treaty coast узбережжя, на якому іноземна держава має певні права, гарантовані договором- treaty contract міжнародна договірна угода- treaty obligations зобов'язання, взяті за договором- treaty parties сторони, які підписали договір- treaty shore узбережжя, на якому іноземна держава має певні права, гарантовані договором- treaty of alliance договір про союз- treaty of cession договір про цесію- treaty of commerce and navigation договір про торгівлю і судноплавство, конвенція про торгівлю і мореплавство- treaty concluded by the country of residence договір, укладений країною перебування- treaty of friendship, cooperation and mutual assistance договір про дружбу, співробітництво і взаємну допомогу- treaty of guarantee договір про гарантію- treaty of mutual assistance договір про взаємну допомогу- treaty of mutual security договір про взаємну безпеку- treaty of neutrality договір про нейтралітет- treaty of unlimited duration безстроковий договір- treaty outmoded by events договір, що застарів через ті чи інші події- treaty of peace договір про мир- daily application of the treaty щоденне дотримання договору- breach of an international treaty порушення міжнародного договору- coming of a treaty into force набуття договором чинності- denunciation of a treaty денонсація договору- desuetude of the treaty застарілість (даного)договору- headquarters of the treaty депозитарій договору- integral part of the treaty невід'ємна частина договору- interpretation of the treaty трактування договору- methods of bringing a treaty to an end способи припинення дії договору- negotiation of a treaty ведення переговорів про укладення договору- operation of the treaty дія договору- original of the treaty оригінал договору- parties to a treaty сторони, що підписали договір- periodic review of a treaty періодичний розгляд договору; періодична перевірка (виконання) договору- preamble to a treaty преамбула договору- prolongation of a treaty продовження терміну дії договору- ratification of a treaty ратифікація договору- renunciation of a treaty відмова від договору- statement of the purpose and objectives of the treaty заява про завдання і цілі договору- state party to a treaty держава-учасник договору- substantive articles of a treaty основні статті договору- termination of a treaty припинення дії договору- terms of the treaty умови договору- text of a treaty текст договору- withdrawal from the treaty вихід з договору- to abrogate a treaty анулювати договір- to accede to a treaty приєднатися до договору- to adhere to a treaty притримуватися договору, виконувати договір- to amend a treaty змінити договір; внести зміни/ поправки в договір- to be guardians of the proper execution of the treaty слідкувати за належним виконанням договору- to be pursuant to treaty витікати з договору- to be in treaty with smbd. for smth. вести переговори з кимсь про щось, домовлятися з кимсь про щось- to bring a treaty to an end припинити дію договору- to cancel a treaty анулювати договір- to complete a treaty закінчити/ завершити роботу за договором; довести договір до кінця- to conclude a treaty укласти договір- to confirm a treaty ратифікувати договір- to consumate a treaty закінчити/ завершити роботу за договором; довести договір до кінця- to defeat a treaty зірвати/ відмінити договір- to denounce a treaty денонсувати/ розірвати договір- to enter into a treaty укласти договір- to extend (the validity of) a treaty продовжити термін дії договору, пролонгувати договір- to fulfil a treaty виконати договір- to join the treaty приєднатися до договору- to invoke a treaty посилатися на договір- to make a treaty укласти договір- to monitor the treaty контролювати виконання довору- to negotiate the adaptation of a treaty to new conditions вступити в переговори з метою адаптації договору до нових умов- to observe a treaty додержуватись умов договору- to prolong a treaty продовжити термін дії договору, пролонгувати договір- to ratify a treaty ратифікувати договір- to register a treaty зареєструвати договір- to render a treaty invalid позбавити (договір) законної сили- to renounce a treaty денонсувати/ розірвати договір, відмовитися від договору- to review the operation of the treaty розглянути дію договору; перевірити виконання договору- to sell a treaty рекламувати/ пропагандувати важливість договору- to sign a treaty підписати договір- to take the treaty out of freeze знову поставити питання про договір- to violate a treaty порушити договір- to uphold a treaty підтримувати договір- to withdraw from the treaty вийти з договору- according to the importance of the treaty в залежності від важливості договору- by international treaty відповідно до міжнародного договору- the Versailles T. Версальський договір -
17 Morland, Sir Samuel
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 1625 Sulhampton, near Reading, Berkshire, Englandd. 26 December 1695 Hammersmith, near London, England[br]English mathematician and inventor.[br]Morland was one of several sons of the Revd Thomas Morland and was probably initially educated by his father. He went to Winchester School from 1639 to 1644 and then to Magdalene College, Cambridge, where he graduated BA in 1648 and MA in 1652. He was appointed a tutor there in 1650. In 1653 he went to Sweden in the ambassadorial staff of Bulstrode Whitelocke and remained there until 1654. In that year he was appointed Clerk to Mr Secretary Thurloe, and in 1655 he was accredited by Oliver Cromwell to the Duke of Savoy to appeal for the Waldenses. In 1657 he married Susanne de Milleville of Boissy, France, with whom he had three children. In 1660 he went over to the Royalists, meeting King Charles at Breda, Holland. On 20 May, the King knighted him, creating him baron, for revealing a conspiracy against the king's life. He was also granted a pension of£500 per year. In 1661, at the age of 36, he decided to devote himself to mathematics and invention. He devised a mechanical calculator, probably based on the pattern of Blaise Pascal, for adding and subtracting: this was followed in 1666 by one for multiplying and other functions. A Perpetual Calendar or Almanack followed; he toyed with the idea of a "gunpowder engine" for raising water; he developed a range of speaking trum-pets, said to have a range of 1/2 to 1 mile (0.8–1.6 km) or more; also iron stoves for use on board ships, and improvements to barometers.By 1675 he had started selling a range of pumps for private houses, for mines or deep wells, for ships, for emptying ponds or draining low ground as well as to quench fire or wet the sails of ships. The pumps cost from £5 to £63, and the great novelty was that he used, instead of packing around the cylinder sealing against the bore of the cylinder, a neck-gland or seal around the outside diameter of the piston or piston-rod. This revolutionary step avoided the necessity of accurately boring the cylinder, replacing it with the need to machine accurately the outside diameter of the piston or rod, a much easier operation. Twenty-seven variations of size and materials were included in his schedule of'Pumps or Water Engines of Isaac Thompson of Great Russel Street', the maker of Morland's design. In 1681 the King made him "Magister mechanicorum", or Master of Machines. In that year he sailed for France to advise Louis XIV on the waterworks being built at Marly to supply the Palace of Versailles. About this time he had shown King Charles plans for a pumping engine "worked by fire alone". He petitioned for a patent for this, but did not pursue the matter.In 1692 he went blind. In all, he married five times. While working for Cromwell he became an expert in ciphers, in opening sealed letters and in their rapid copying.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1660.Bibliography1685, Elevation des eaux.Further ReadingH.W.Dickinson, 1970, Sir Samuel Morland: Diplomat and Inventor, Cambridge: Newcomen Society/Heffers.IMcN -
18 Н-100
ДО (ПОСЛЕДНЕЙ) НИТКИ PrepP these forms only adv1. промокнуть, вымокнуть и т. п. - coll (to be, get etc) thoroughly wetX промок до нитки - X was (got) soaked to the skinX was (got) drenched (soaked) to the bone X was (got) wet to the bone X was (got) sopping (soaking) wet.В трёх верстах от станции*** стало накрапывать, и через минуту проливной дождь вымочил меня до последней нитки (Пушкин 3). Three versts from the posting-station at ***, a light drizzle began, a minute later it had changed to a driving rain and I was soaked to the skin (3b).2. обобрать кого, проиграть, пропить и т. п. - coll (to rob, gamble away, spend on drinking etc) absolutely all the money one or s.o. hasX обобрал Y-a - = X robbed Y blindX fleeced Y (down to Y's last kopeck (penny etc)) X cleaned Y outX проиграл все - = X gambled away everything down to the last kopeck (penny etc)X lost the shirt off his backX пропил всё - = X drank up every kopeck (penny etc) he had.Костю заметил Бейлис, главный бильярдист Москвы, ввел в лучшие бильярдные, где обыгрывались «фраера», денежные провинциалы, командировочные с казёнными деньгами. С ними Костя был беспощаден, заманивал первым лёгким выигрышем, а потом раздевал до нитки (Рыбаков 2). Не IKostya) had been spotted by Beilis, the top billiards player in Moscow. Beilis took him to the best billiards halls, where they hustled freeloaders, moneyed provincials visiting Moscow on government funds. Kostya was merciless with them. He would con them by losing the first game and then fleece them down to their last kopeck (2a).{extended usage) «Англия и Франция навязали Германии Версаль, репарации, раздели до нитки, отобрали колонии...» (Рыбаков 2). ( context transl) "England and France bound Germany hand and foot at Versailles, the reparations stripped her bare, they took her colonies..." (2a).3. рассказать что, разобрать(ся) в ком-чём, помнить что и т. п. - substand (to tell, analyze, remember etc sth.) completely, thoroughly, including the small details: (down) to the minutest (the smallest, the tiniest, the last) detailin every detail. -
19 до нитки
[PrepP; these forms only; adv]=====1. промокнуть, вымокнуть и т.п. до нитки coll (to be, get etc) thoroughly wet:- X was (got) sopping (soaking) wet.♦ В трёх верстах от станции *** стало накрапывать, и через минуту проливной дождь вымочил меня до последней нитки (Пушкин 3). Three versts from the posting-station at ***, a light drizzle began; a minute later it had changed to a driving rain and I was soaked to the skin (3b).2. обобрать кого, проиграть, пропить и т.п. до нитки coll (to rob, gamble away, spend on drinking etc) absolutely all the money one or s.o. has:- X fleeced Y (down to Y's last kopeck <penny etc>);♦ Костю заметил Бейлис, главный бильярдист Москвы, ввел в лучшие бильярдные, где обыгрывались "фраера", денежные провинциалы, командировочные с казёнными деньгами. С ними Костя был беспощаден, заманивал первым лёгким выигрышем, а потом раздевал до нитки (Рыбаков 2). Не [Kostya] had been spotted by Beilis, the top billiards player in Moscow. Beilis took him to the best billiards halls, where they hustled freeloaders, moneyed provincials visiting Moscow on government funds. Kostya was merciless with them. He would con them by losing the first game and then fleece them down to their last kopeck (2a).♦ [extended usage] "Англия и Франция навязали Германии Версаль, репарации, раздели до нитки, отобрали колонии..." (Рыбаков 2). [context transl] "England and France bound Germany hand and foot at Versailles, the reparations stripped her bare, they took her colonies..." (2a).3. рассказать что, разобрать(ся) в ком-чём, помнить что и т.п. - substand (to tell, analyze, remember etc sth.) completely, thoroughly, including the small details:- (down) to the minutest (the smallest, the tiniest, the last) detail;- in every detail.Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > до нитки
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20 до последней нитки
[PrepP; these forms only; adv]=====1. промокнуть, вымокнуть и т.п. до последней нитки coll (to be, get etc) thoroughly wet:- X was (got) sopping (soaking) wet.♦ В трёх верстах от станции *** стало накрапывать, и через минуту проливной дождь вымочил меня до последней нитки (Пушкин 3). Three versts from the posting-station at ***, a light drizzle began; a minute later it had changed to a driving rain and I was soaked to the skin (3b).2. обобрать кого, проиграть, пропить и т.п. до последней нитки coll (to rob, gamble away, spend on drinking etc) absolutely all the money one or s.o. has:- X fleeced Y (down to Y's last kopeck <penny etc>);|| X проиграл все до последней нитки ≈ X gambled away everything down to the last kopeck (penny etc);♦ Костю заметил Бейлис, главный бильярдист Москвы, ввел в лучшие бильярдные, где обыгрывались "фраера", денежные провинциалы, командировочные с казёнными деньгами. С ними Костя был беспощаден, заманивал первым лёгким выигрышем, а потом раздевал до нитки (Рыбаков 2). Не [Kostya] had been spotted by Beilis, the top billiards player in Moscow. Beilis took him to the best billiards halls, where they hustled freeloaders, moneyed provincials visiting Moscow on government funds. Kostya was merciless with them. He would con them by losing the first game and then fleece them down to their last kopeck (2a).♦ [extended usage] "Англия и Франция навязали Германии Версаль, репарации, раздели до нитки, отобрали колонии..." (Рыбаков 2). [context transl] "England and France bound Germany hand and foot at Versailles, the reparations stripped her bare, they took her colonies..." (2a).3. рассказать что, разобрать(ся) в ком-чём, помнить что и т.п. до последней нитки substand (to tell, analyze, remember etc sth.) completely, thoroughly, including the small details:- (down) to the minutest <the smallest, the tiniest, the last> detail;- in every detail.Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > до последней нитки
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Versailles, Ohio — Versailles is a village in Darke County, Ohio, United States. It is the only village in Wayne Township. The population was 2,589 at the 2000 census. The proper local pronunciation of the name is Ver Sales , with the accent on the second… … Wikipedia
Versailles — • Diocese includes the Department of Seine et Oise, France Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Versailles Versailles † … Catholic encyclopedia
Versailles — French commune name =Versailles caption=Notre Dame Church in the town centre of Versailles region=Île de France map size=270px adjustable mapcaption=Location (in red) within the Paris outer suburbs lat long=coord|48|48|19|N|2|8|6|E|region:FR type … Wikipedia
Versailles, Missouri — Infobox Settlement official name = Versailles, Missouri settlement type = City nickname = motto = imagesize = image caption = image imagesize = image caption = image mapsize = 250px map caption = Location of Versailles, Missouri mapsize1 = map… … Wikipedia
Versailles Treaty — German opinion of the settlement that ended World War I was clear from the outset. The Saar* basin... Poland,* Silesia, Oppeln . . . 123 milliards to pay and for all that we are supposed to say Thank you very much, an embittered German… … Historical dictionary of Weimar Republik
VERSAILLES PALACE, FRANCE — Versailles Palace, located outside Paris, epitomizes the classicizing Baroque style of architecture popular in France in the 17th century. Louis XIII originally commissioned Philibert Le Roy to build it in 1624 as a small hunting lodge, but it … Historical Dictionary of Architecture
Versailles Restaurant — (commonly referred to as simply Versailles), cafeteria and restaurant, is a landmark eating establishment located on Calle Ocho in Little Havana, Miami. The large restaurant has ornate etched glass and statuettes and features a bakery, a takeout… … Wikipedia
From Boullée to Eternity — Artiste Dan Graham Année 2006 Technique Sculpture Dimensions (H × L) 10 m × 8 m Localisation Porte de Versailles, Paris … Wikipédia en Français
Versailles, Pennsylvania — Versailles is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,724 at the 2000 census. Despite being named after the extraordinary Palace of Versailles, the name of the borough is almost universally pronounced ver… … Wikipedia
Versailles Hotel Vladivostok (Vladivostok) — Versailles Hotel Vladivostok country: Russia, city: Vladivostok (City: Sea Terminal) Versailles Hotel Vladivostok Versailles Hotel is located in Vladivostok, one kilometre from the railway station. The tourist spots in the city are Vladivostok… … International hotels
Versailles — of uncertain origin; perhaps from L. versus “slope.” Originally a hunting lodge built by Louis XIII; made into a palace 17c. by Louis XIV … Etymology dictionary
